【知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)】
一、重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語
1．a(chǎn)dvertise vt. & vi.登廣告，做廣告
I advertised my car for sale.
advertise on TV/in a newspaper for sb./sth.
advertise a meeting, a concert, a job
2．charge n. vt.主管；充氣（電）；負(fù)責(zé)；要價(jià)；控告
How much do you charge for a room with a bath?
He was charged with bribery.他被控告收取賄賂。
in charge of負(fù)責(zé)；in (under) the charge of a person由某人負(fù)責(zé);take charge of接管……，擔(dān)任……；free of charge免費(fèi)地（的）
3．blame vt. n.責(zé)備，譴責(zé)，歸咎于；責(zé)怪，責(zé)任
blame sb. for sth./blame sth. on sb.責(zé)備某人某事
be to blame for sth.(對(duì)某壞事等)負(fù)責(zé)任。
They blamed him for the accident.
=They blamed the accident on him.
=He was to blame for the accident.
take the blame for…承擔(dān)……的責(zé)任
4．a(chǎn)ccuse vt.控告；譴責(zé)
The police accused him (of theft).
He was accused of murder.
She accused him of being late.
6．get across傳播；為人理解
It took me an hour to get my invention across to her.
The message got across at last.
7． attach vt.系；貼；附加；認(rèn)為有（重要性等）
attach sth. to sth.把某東西系到某東西上
attach yourself to sb./sth.加入；使隸屬于
be attach to sb./sth.依戀；留戀
8． make sense有意義，有道理，講得通
This sentence doesn?t make sense.
It makes sense to take care of your health.
Can you make sense of what this writer is saying?
common sense常識(shí)；in a (some) sense在某種意義上
There is no sense in doing sth.(做某事)沒道理
9． keep up維持，保持
I hope the weather will keep up.
The noise kept up for all night.
The good news keep our spirit up.
How do you keep this large house?
keep an eye out for sb./sth.留心或注意某人/物
keep a close watch on密切注意
keep away from避開，離開；keep back防止，隱瞞
keep on繼續(xù)；keep off…離開，使不接近
keep out (of)不進(jìn)去，置身于……外，從……離開
keep up with跟上，不落后；keep in touch with保持聯(lián)系
10． beyond ①prep.在……的那邊，遠(yuǎn)于；超過
I can’t see anything beyond the river because of fog.
He is such a naughty boy and is beyond my control.
Don’t stay out beyond 10 o’clock at night.
②adv.在更遠(yuǎn)處；再往后
From the top of the hill you can see a lake beyond.
二、詞義辨析
1．each與every
each強(qiáng)調(diào)“個(gè)體”,every強(qiáng)調(diào)“整體”，every只有一個(gè)詞性，形容詞，且every不接of短語，every只作定語，而each作定語，主語，賓語，同位語。如：
Each/Every pupil was given a pencil.每個(gè)學(xué)生發(fā)一枝鉛筆。
Each of us has a Chinese-English dictionary.
我們每人都有一本漢英詞典。
2．spend, cost, pay, charge與offer
這幾個(gè)詞都表示“花費(fèi)（金錢）”，但用法不一樣。
（1）cost是以“物，事”為主語，常用于sth. cost (sb.) some money結(jié)構(gòu)。
The cost cost her 20 yuan.這件外衣花了她20元。
注意：cost無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
（2）pay用于付款給別人，付一個(gè)帳單或者付幾筆款項(xiàng)等，它是及物動(dòng)詞，賓語可以是“人”或“錢”的名詞或代詞。
Yesterday he paid the money he owed.他昨天還清了欠賬。
（3）charge指收取別人多少錢，主語為人或旅館等。
The hotel charged me ￡10 for a room for the night.
那家旅館一間房一晚向我收費(fèi)10英鎊。
（4）offer出價(jià)，開價(jià)；提供，出售，“人”作主語。
We offered him the house for ￡1000.我們要價(jià)1000英鎊賣給她那幢房子。
比較：We offered him ￡1000 for the house.我們出價(jià)1000英鎊買他那幢房子。
3．set off, set out與set about
（1）set off有“啟程；出發(fā)”的意思，還可作“引起；使爆炸”解（例略）
（2）set out的意思是“開始；著手”后常接動(dòng)詞不定式。
如：
He set out to paint the whole house.他開始著手粉刷房子內(nèi)外。
（3）set about的意思也是“開始；著手”但常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。
如：
She set about doing some cleaning after breakfast.她用過早餐后立即著手打掃衛(wèi)生。
三、重點(diǎn)句型
1．You think the newspaper is to blame for this because…
你認(rèn)為因?yàn)檫@件事報(bào)社應(yīng)受責(zé)備……
注意to blame =should be blamed 應(yīng)受責(zé)備。如：
Who is to blame for breaking the window?
誰應(yīng)為打破窗子而受責(zé)？
2．It has been proven again and that frequent advertising increases product sales.
事實(shí)已經(jīng)一次次地證明經(jīng)常做廣告增加了產(chǎn)品的銷售量。
It is (has been) proven 已被證明（后接that句）
It has been proven that more than 2000 people died in the war
已經(jīng)被證實(shí)多于2000人死亡于這場戰(zhàn)爭。
類似表達(dá)有：It is / was hoped / said / announced / reported that……
人們希望/據(jù)說/已宣布/已報(bào)導(dǎo)……
It is said that the girl had been badly treated while
shopping yesterday=The girl is said to have been badly……
It is hoped that we’ll have a brighter future.
It was announced that Russia sent up another man-made satellite.
3. Not all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits.
并非所有的廣告都被用來推動(dòng)產(chǎn)品的銷量，或增加公司的利潤。
Not all=all not 并非所有的（部分否定），此句也可寫為：
All ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits. all的全部否定為none或nothing
No one.類似的還有both, each, not both（each）=both（each）
Not均為部分否定，both全部否定為neither, each全部否定為none, no one, nothing。如：
Not all the students smoke=All the students don’t smoke
并非所有的學(xué)生都吸煙。
None of us like that song我們一個(gè)也不喜歡那首歌。
四、語法復(fù)習(xí)
1．賓語補(bǔ)足語
（一）賓語補(bǔ)足語的定義
英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除了一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動(dòng)詞有：make(使)，consider(認(rèn)為)，cause(引起)，see（看見），find(發(fā)現(xiàn))，call(稱為，叫做)，get(讓，使得)，have(讓，使得)，let(讓)等。
如：
Electricity can make a machine run。電能使機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
We consider(或think) the answer (to be) correct.我們認(rèn)為這個(gè)答案是對(duì)的。
What he said made me very angry.他的話使我很生氣。
（二）賓語補(bǔ)足語的表現(xiàn)形式
帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等）+直接賓語（名詞或代詞）+賓語補(bǔ)足語。
賓語補(bǔ)足語在句中的9種表示法：
（1）用名詞（包括名詞性物主代詞）表示
His father named him Tom.他父親給他取名湯姆。
We consider Mr Zhang an excellent teacher.我們認(rèn)為張先生是位優(yōu)秀的老師。
（2）用形容詞及其短語表示
They painted their boat white.他們把船漆成了白色。
We believed the report untrue.我們確認(rèn)這個(gè)報(bào)告不真實(shí)。
I saw him young and strong, and now he is old and worn.
我看到他的時(shí)候，他年輕強(qiáng)壯，現(xiàn)在他已年老體弱。
（3）用不定式及其短語表示
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.他不應(yīng)該強(qiáng)迫他借錢給你。
Nobody noticed him enter the room.沒有人注意到他進(jìn)了屋子。
注：see, have, let, make, watch, notice, hear, observe等動(dòng)詞后的賓語補(bǔ)足語用不定式表示時(shí)，不可加to。help后的不定式可帶也可不帶to。
（4）用現(xiàn)在分詞及其短語表示
We saw her entering the room.我們看見她正走進(jìn)那個(gè)房間。
I heard her singing an English song.我聽見她在唱英語歌曲。
（5）用過去分詞及其短語表示
They found Guilin greatly changed.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)桂林變化很大。
At that time we were there and saw it done.那時(shí)我們?cè)谀莾�，并看見這事被做完。
注：過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，賓語和它的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
（6）用as引出賓語補(bǔ)足語
We take English as a useful tool for research work.
我們把英語當(dāng)作研究工作的一種有用的工具。
I look upon him as my teacher.我把他看成我的老師。
（7）用介詞短語表示
We found everything in the laboratory in good order.
我們發(fā)覺實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)每件東西都放得井井有條。
Whenever you may go, you will find him at work.
不論什么時(shí)候去，你都可以看見他在工作。
（8）用副詞表示
Let the fresh air in.讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來。
I saw him out with his father.我看見他和他父親外出了。
（9）用從句表示
We will soon make our city what your city is now.
我們不久就要把我們的城市發(fā)展成你們城市目前的那個(gè)樣子。
The plant has its own name. You cannot call it what you will.
這種植物有自己的名稱。你不能隨便稱呼它什么。
注：能在復(fù)合賓語中先用形式賓語it，然后再用真正賓語的動(dòng)詞并不多，常見的有think, find, consider, judge, feel, make, take等。
They thought it right to do this test.
他們?cè)詾樽鲞@項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)是對(duì)的。（后面不定式為真正賓語）
We all think it our duty that we should support him.
我們都認(rèn)為支持他是我們的職責(zé)。（后面從句是真正賓語）
We find it necessary to master a foreign language.
我們認(rèn)為掌握一門外語是有必要的。（后面不定式短語為真正賓語）
2．定語
（一）定語的定義
修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。
（二）定語的表現(xiàn)形式
定語一般可由形容詞、分詞（短語）、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞所有格、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞和從句等充當(dāng)。
（1）形容詞
Guilin is a beautiful city.桂林是一座美麗的城市。
A bright future shines before our eyes.光照的未來展現(xiàn)在我們眼前。
（2）分詞（短語）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.
中國是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家，美國是一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國家。
Who is the man shaking hands with our teacher?和我們老師握手的那個(gè)人是誰？
This is the bridge built last year.這是去年建的那座橋。
（3）名詞
There are thirty women teachers in our school.我們學(xué)校有30名女教師。
They are going to put up a wall newspaper next week.他們打算下周出墻報(bào)。
（4）代詞
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.
他在英語方面的快速進(jìn)步使我們很吃驚。
Do you know the student whose English pronunciation is the best in your class?
你知道你們班上英語發(fā)音最好的那個(gè)學(xué)生嗎？
（5）數(shù)詞
More than thirty students in our class have read the book.
我們班三十多個(gè)學(xué)生讀過這本書。
The teacher asked the students to copy the third paragraph of the text.
老師讓學(xué)生抄寫課文的第3段。
（6）名詞所有格
You should follow the doctor’s advice and do more exercises.
你應(yīng)該聽從醫(yī)生的建議，多運(yùn)動(dòng)。
Mary’s parents have gone abroad.瑪麗的父母出國了。
（7）不定式
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
我們的班長總是第一個(gè)走進(jìn)教室。
I can’t go with you. I still have a lot of work to do.
我不能和你去。我仍有許多工作要做。
（8）動(dòng)名詞
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.
下學(xué)期的教學(xué)計(jì)劃已制定好。
You mustn’t take the magazine out of the reading room.
你不要把雜志帶出閱覽室。
（9）介詞短語
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
他正在讀一篇有關(guān)如何學(xué)習(xí)英語的文章。
Who is the girl in red?穿紅衣服的那個(gè)姑娘是誰？
（10）副詞（多位于被修飾詞之后）
A noise outside made him turn around.外面的喧鬧聲使他轉(zhuǎn)過身來。
The man in the room below is friendly.樓下房間的那人很友好。
（11）從句
There is nothing that worries him.沒有什么事使他煩惱。
I will remember the day when I first met her.我將記住第一次遇見她的那一天。
注：如果作定語的是形容詞、代詞、名詞等，通常位于所修飾的詞之前，但如果作定語的是介詞短語或動(dòng)詞不定式，則位于所修飾詞之后。
如：
Her father is a famous doctor.她父親是個(gè)著名的醫(yī)生。（代詞、形容詞作定語）
I’ve got an important meeting to attend.我有一個(gè)重要會(huì)議要參加。（形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語）
People in the park were enjoying the warm sunshine.公園的人正享受著暖和的陽光。（介詞短語、形容詞作定語）
【考點(diǎn)透視 考例精析】
[考例1] It shames me to say it， but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by my boss.
A．questioning B．having questioned
C．questioned D． to be questioned
[解析] Ｃ 本題考查分詞用法。when+分詞（doing/done）作狀語，question vt.“對(duì)……提出疑問”，相當(dāng)于when I was questioned。
[考例2] If you can’t come tomorrow，we’ll ______ have to hold the meeting next week.
A．yet B．even C．rather D．just
[解析] Ｄ yet作“還”講常置于句末，even“甚至”，rather“相當(dāng)”，語義不符語境。just(口語)用以加強(qiáng)語氣，“甚至”之意，故選D。
[考例3] ----How long are you staying?
----I don’t know. _______ .
A．That’s OK B．Never mind C．It depends D．It doesn’t matter
[解析] C 本題考查交際用語與慣用法。It (just) depends是口語，意思是說“看看再說，視情況而定”合乎題意。其他幾個(gè)不符語境。
[考例4] It was not a serious illness, and she soon ______it.
A． got over B．got on with C．got around D．got out of
[解析] A 本題考查動(dòng)詞短語用法辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“從（病、損失等）中恢復(fù)過來”。B項(xiàng)是“與……相處”或“某事進(jìn)展如何”。C項(xiàng)為“（在某處）走一走，看一看”。D項(xiàng)為“逃避，追逐放棄”。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】
一、據(jù)首字母（漢語提示）填詞，完成句子。
1．We were ready to the the b___ ___ for what had happened.
2．I was ____ __（煩） with him because he kept interrupting.
3．The scientist decided he didn’t want to be a__ ____ with the project, and left.
4．We sold our house at a __ ____ （利潤）.
5．How did he ___ ___（反應(yīng)） to your suggestion?
6．She bore the b____ __ of caring for her sick mother.
7．Will this medicine give immediate r____ _ from pain?
8．The child can’t use chopsticks p____ __.
9．She was d____ __ of a health bady.
10．They celebrated their 10th wedding ___ ___ （紀(jì)念）.
二、單項(xiàng)選擇
1．He has a good thermometer which ______ changes in temperature very quickly.
A． reacts against B． reacts with C．reacts to D．reacts on
2．It is rather difficult to guess what her ______ would be when we tell her the news.
A． method B． reaction C．impression D．comment
3．Police have ______ to the public to come forward with any information which might help them with their inquiries.
A．urged B．claimed C．a(chǎn)ppealed D．called
4．Sorry. Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s______ the visiting hours.
A．during B．a(chǎn)t C．beyond D． before [06 福建卷]
5．Our teacher is clever, but not very good at ______ his ideas to us.
A．getting across B． getting over C．getting on D．getting into
6．His invalid father is becoming a ______ to him.
A．freight B． cargo C．burden D．load
7．If you think you can do the work, you should ______ for the job.
A．a(chǎn)pply B． claim C． request D．a(chǎn)ppeal
8． After I stood in the room for one minute, my eyes slowly grew ______ to the gloom(黑暗).
A． accustom B． accustomed C．familiar D．custom
9．The medicine the doctor gave me ______ my headache.
A．freed B． refreshed C．released D．relieved
10． I hear you’re going to ______ that job in the accounts department.
A． go for B．go over C．go along with D． go through
【能力拓展】
閱讀下面短文掌握其大意，然后從短文各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
We may look at the world around us, but somehow we manage not to see it until whatever we’ve become used to suddenly disappears. 1 , for example, the neatly-dressed woman I 2 to see-or look at-on my way to work each morning.
For three years, no matter 3 the weather was like, she was always waiting at the bus stop around 8∶00 am. On 4 days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. Summertime 5 out neat, belted cotton dresses and a hat pulled low over her sunglasses. 6 , she was an ordinary working woman. Of course, I 7 all this only after she was seen no more. It was then that I realized how 8 I expected to see her each morning. You might say I 9 her.
“Did she have an accident? Something 10 ?” I thought to myself about her 11 . Now that she was gone, I felt I had 12 her. I began to realize that part of our 13 life probably includes such chance meetings with familiar 14 : the milkman you see at dawn, the woman who 15 walks her dog along the street every morning, the twin brothers you see at the library. Such people are 16 markers in our lives. They add weight to our 17 of place and belonging.
Think about it. 18 , while walking to work, we mark where we are by 19 a certain building, why should we not mark where we are when we pass a familiar, though 20 , person?
1． A. Make B． Take C． Give D． Have
2． A. happened B． wanted C． used D． tried
3． A. what B． how C． which D． when
4． A. sunny B． rainy C．cloudy D．snowy
5． A．took B．brought C． carried D． turned
6． A． Clearly B． Particularly C．Luckily D．Especially
7． A． believed B．expressed C． remembered D． wondered
8． A． long B． often C． soon D．much
9． A．respected B．missed C． praised D． admired
10．A．better B． worse C． more D．less
11．A． disappearance B． appearance C． misfortune D．fortune
12．A．forgotten B． lost C．known D． hurt
13．A． happy B． enjoyable C． frequent D． daily
14．A． friends B． strangers C． tourists D． guests
15． A．regularly B． actually C． hardly D． probably
16． A． common B． pleasant C． important D． faithful
17． A． choice B． knowledge C． decision D． sense
18． A． Because B． If C． Although D．However
19． A． keeping B． changing C． passing D． mentioning
20． A． unnamed B．unforgettable C． unbelievable D． unreal
參考答案
高三部分
Units 5~6 (B3)
基礎(chǔ)演練
一、1．blame 2．a(chǎn)nnoyed 3．a(chǎn)ssociated 4．profit 5．react 6．burden 7．relief
8．properly 9．delivered 10． anniversary
二、1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．A
能力拓展
參考答案及解析：
1-5 BCADB 6-10 ACDBB 11-15 ACDBA 16-20 CDBCA
1．B
2．C 前句說了人常犯的毛�。簩�(duì)習(xí)慣了的東西視而不見，本句便拿一個(gè)過去上班途中�？吹降膵D女作例子。Take…for example(拿……作例子)是固定用法，故2空選B，提到的婦女是作者過去常見的，現(xiàn)在看不到了。篇章第一句及下文均有線索，用used to。
3．A what是代詞，作like的賓語。我們常用“What?s the weather like?”來詢問天氣。
4．D 本句后半部分說她穿著厚重的衣服，戴著毛線手套，天氣一定很冷，所以要填snowy／cold／winter才合理，晴朗、下雨及多云都不必如此穿著。
5．B 本句屬擬人用法。這位女士夏天會(huì)穿著棉布連衣裙，戴上(遮陽)帽子及太陽鏡，就像夏天把這一切帶到外面似的，故填brought。
6．A 上文得知，這位女士穿著整潔、守時(shí)、坐公共汽車，她應(yīng)該是一個(gè)普通的工作女性，這一點(diǎn)是很清楚的，顯而易見的。
7．C 緊扣首句和下文。再也見不到這位女士了，才記起了這一切。天天見到她的時(shí)候，卻不曾真的留意。
8．D much作狀語，表程度，是I expected very much to see her…改成的感嘆結(jié)構(gòu)，作realize的賓語。其余選項(xiàng)都表時(shí)間和頻率，均不妥。
9．B 上句作者說非常盼著見到那位女士，那么也就是想念她了。
10．B
11．A 作者以前天天見到那位女士，卻從不真正留意�，F(xiàn)在她再也沒有出現(xiàn)，作者便對(duì)此(她的消失)產(chǎn)生猜測(cè)，而這些猜測(cè)都應(yīng)是足以讓那位女士不再出現(xiàn)的(壞)事。故25空填worse，26空填disappearance。
12．C now that表一種原因及一件事的后果。全句意為：她不見了(結(jié)果)我倒感覺著我認(rèn)識(shí)她了(天天見她時(shí)卻很陌生)。
13．D 14．B
15．A 本句較長，空也多，難度就增加了，那位女士對(duì)于作者來說是一個(gè)“熟悉的陌生人”。所謂熟悉是因?yàn)槌Ｒ姡^陌生，是因?yàn)楸舜瞬涣私�，從未交談過。這樣的人在生活中不少，所以由于這位女士的突然不見，作者悵然若失，才開始意識(shí)到日常生活包括了這樣一些“熟悉的陌生人”，然后舉了一些例子，這些例子都是日常生活中常見的人，所以13填daily，14填stranger，15填regularly。
16．C
17．D 上文提到的那些“熟悉的陌生人”增加了我們對(duì)某些地方及環(huán)境的感覺分量，故17空填D。既然這些人起到這樣的作用，那么他們也就重要了，所以16空填important。
18．B 19．C
20．A 結(jié)合上文，通讀最后一段，可知作者設(shè)問：走路上班時(shí)，我們會(huì)借助建筑物來標(biāo)識(shí)(判斷)我們走到哪里了，為什么我們不借助那些常見的人來判斷一下我們走到哪里了呢?19空填passing也合理，經(jīng)過某個(gè)建筑，我們就知道走到什么地方了。18空填if表?xiàng)l件，結(jié)合全句可知