By Xu Weiliang
Teaching aims:
(1) Make students pay attention to the environment problems and think what they can do to help protect the environment.
(2) Improve the Ss’ other basic abilities: the use of the words and expressions in reading
Important points & difficult points:
(1) Help the students learn how to keep the balance between economy and environment.
(2) Enable the students to refer to dictionaries.
Teaching methods:
(1)Careful reading and solve the language problems in the text.
(2)Learn how to use dictionaries.
Teaching aids:
(1) A tape recorder
(2) A multimedia
(3) The blackboard
Teaching procedure:
Step 1: Reading
We have learned the debate and know something about how to solve the environment problems. Today we will read the text and find the difficult language points in it.
Then ask students to put forward their difficulties in understanding the text.
Then write them on the blackboard.
Step 2 Using dictionaries and reference books.
Ask students to use their dictionaries and reference books and find answers for them.
Let the students discuss them.
Step 3 Explain the language points.
1. …and discuss which problems are caused by nature and which ones are caused by man..
討論一下哪些問題是自然造成的，哪些又是人為因素。
⑴ nature
A. 自然，大自然（不可數(shù)名詞）
You can not go against nature. 你不能違背自然。
Man can conquer nature.人定勝天。
B. by nature 天生地
She is by nature a happy person. 她天生樂觀。
⑵ man
A. 本句中的man譯為“人類”（總稱），多作單數(shù)，不加冠詞
Man must make the earth support more people.
人類必須使地球養(yǎng)活更多的人。
Man must change in a changing world.
在多變的世界里，人類必須隨之變化。
B. 人，男人（復(fù)數(shù)為men）
I am not the man to break my word. 我不是食言之人。
Man is taller than woman. 男子比女子高。
2. Then we will open the floor for discussion. 然后我們將展開自由談?wù)摗?/p>
句中the floor為“發(fā)言權(quán)”
After they had each said a few words, Professor White took the floor.
他們各自說了幾句話后，懷特教授開始發(fā)言。
The President then took the floor and answered the journalists’ questions.
總統(tǒng)隨后講話并回答了記者的提問。
3. If you have any questions or comments, you can use this time to voice them.
如果大家有任何疑問或評論，可以利用這個時間段來提出。
voice (v.) 表達，吐露
Yesterday morning in the city in the USA, a crowd of dustmen went on strike to voice complaint about their low-pay.
昨天上午在美國一個城市，大批清潔工舉行罷工，以表達他們對工資的不滿。
I dared not voice my dissatisfaction. 我不敢表達我的不滿。
4. In addition, many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats.
另外，大量的海洋生物正被捕撈船趕盡殺絕。
⑴ in addition 此外
In addition, there was a crop failure in many provinces. 此外，許多省份作物歉收。
in addition to 除了……之外（還有）
In addition to such subjects, the department also taught mathematics.
除了教授這些學(xué)科外，這個系還開設(shè)數(shù)學(xué)課程。
⑵ wipe out 消滅，摧毀
The whole village was wiped out by the tsunami.
整個村子被海嘯吞噬了。
The earthquake wiped out the town.
小鎮(zhèn)毀于地震。
wipe out 擦掉，把……擦干凈
Don’t forget to wipe out the sink when you’ve finished the dishes.
洗完碗碟后，不要忘記把洗碗池擦干凈。
wipe off 擦掉，把……從……上面擦干凈
Wipe the drawing off the blackboard before the teacher sees it.
在老師看到之前，先把黑板上的圖畫擦干凈。
5． These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs.
這些捕撈船未等魚兒產(chǎn)卵就大量捕捉他們。
⑴ large numbers of 許多，大量，加復(fù)數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于a large number of , a great / good many
Large numbers of whales have been killed by these Japanese ships.
這些日本捕撈船已經(jīng)殺死了許多鯨魚。
Numbers of people came to the meeting from all over the country.
全國各地許多人來參加這個會議。
⑵ A. lay eggs 下蛋，產(chǎn)卵
A turtle lays many eggs at a time.
烏龜一次下許多蛋。
To kill the goose that lays the golden eggs.
殺雞取卵；自絕財源。
B. 安裝，架設(shè)
I’m sorry to lay this on your shoulders.
很抱歉要把這放在你肩膀上。
They are laying a new oil pipe.
他們在鋪設(shè)一個新的輸油管道。
6. The world’s population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.
目前的世界人口與1800年相比已經(jīng)增長到當(dāng)時的六倍多。
⑴ population 人口
The population of China is much larger than that of Japan.
中國人口比日本人口多得多。
About 30 percent of the population in the village have been struck by the illness.
整個村莊約30%的人口受到這種病的侵襲。
⑵ grow to “增加到”。類似表達法還有increase to, rise to, climb to
The number of students at the college has grown to over 5,000.
這所學(xué)院的學(xué)生數(shù)已經(jīng)增長到 5,000人。
The price has increased to an unbelievable number.
價格攀升到令人難以置信的水平。
The plane climbed to 25,000 feet.
飛機爬升到25000英尺。
⑶ grow by“增加了，凈增了”，類似表達 increase by, rise by等
Sales of new cars in that country grew by 20 percent this year.
那個國家今年的新車銷售量增加了百分之二十。
It is quite amazing that the income of the people in the city has increased / risen by 60 percent in the last two years.
這座城市居民的收入在過去的兩年里增加了百分之六十，這讓人感到驚訝。
7. My suggestion is that we should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.
我的建議是，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量削減生產(chǎn)，減少制造和購買物品的數(shù)量。
⑴ 句中My suggestion is 后接有表語從句，表示“建議，要求，命令”等意義的名詞，如suggestion, advice, requirement, order, request等作主語時，其后表語從句中的謂語常由 “should + 動詞原形”構(gòu)成，should可省略
The advice that the teacher gave was that the students (should) go to bed early during exam time.
老師提出的忠告是同學(xué)們在考試期間應(yīng)該早點上床睡覺。
The orders are that we (should) stay here.
我們必須呆在這里，這是命令。
⑵ suggest, advise, require, order等動詞后接的賓語從句中，也常用“should + 動詞原形”作謂語,should可省略
I suggested that John (should) phone home before he decided to stay late at the library.
我建議約翰在決定要在圖書館呆到很晚之前應(yīng)該先打個電話回家。
I advise that he (should) go at once. 我建議他馬上動身。
⑶ cut back on“削減，縮減”，相當(dāng)于cut down on
Try to cut back on foods containing too much fat and sugar.
要盡量少吃脂肪和糖份含量過高的食品。
After the big job was finished, the builder cut back on the number of men working for him.
這項大工程完成以后，建筑商削減了工人總數(shù)的三分之一。
與cut相關(guān)的詞組
cut across 走捷徑 cut away 切除，剪掉
cut in 插進來說，插嘴，干預(yù) cut off 切斷，停掉
cut down 削減，砍倒 cut up 切碎
8. It is obvious that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.
很顯然，你非常關(guān)心現(xiàn)階段的環(huán)境狀況。
concern (v.) 關(guān)系到，與……有關(guān)，關(guān)于；擔(dān)心，關(guān)心
詞組be concerned about / with / for / over
The news concerns your sister.
這條消息與你姐姐有關(guān)。
I am not concerned with the matter any longer.
我不再與此事有關(guān)了。
A good doctor should always concern himself with your health.
好醫(yī)生應(yīng)經(jīng)常關(guān)心他人的健康。
They are very seriously concerned about the problems involved.
他們非常關(guān)心相關(guān)困難。
Everybody was deeply concerned at the news.
每個人都非常關(guān)心這條消息。
9. As an economist, I’m seen as being against the environment.
作為一名經(jīng)濟學(xué)家，我常常被人視為反對環(huán)保的。
see…as… “將……視為”
After his first novel was published, he was seen as one of the most outstanding new authors of his generation.
在他的第一部小說出版后不久，他就被視為他這一代最杰出的新秀作家之一。
10. But I do agree that recycling may be the key to helping both sides.
但有一點我非常贊同：循環(huán)利用或許是對兩者都有利的解決辦法。
⑴ key“答案，解決辦法”,to (prep.) + n. / prop. / doing
In my opinion, the key to solving the problem is to cooperate rather than argue.
依我的觀點，解決這個問題的辦法就是合作，而不是爭吵。
Her very unhappy childhood is the key to the way she behaves now.
她的不幸的童年是目前表現(xiàn)不端的癥結(jié)所在。
⑵ 下列詞組中to為介詞
listen to, refer to, pay attention to, look forward to, belong to, turn to, devote / give …to…
11. Asking around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.
我征詢過周圍很多人的意見，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們當(dāng)中很多愿意花費稍高一些的價錢來購買環(huán)保產(chǎn)
品。
⑴ ask around 四處打聽
I will ask around and see if anyone can help.
我要四處打聽一下，看有沒有人能夠幫忙。
⑵ asking around為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句 when I ask around
同樣
Take care while crossing the street. (while you cross the street)
Wandering through the street, I saw a tailor’s shop. (while I was wandering through the
street)
12. Just keep in mind that you should not make a final decision until you have read or listened to both sides…
記住要聽了兩邊的發(fā)言后才可作出最后的評判。
⑴ keep / carry … in mind 記住
I have tried to keep this advice in mind when writing this book.
在寫這本書的時候，我盡量將這條建議記住。
There is one thing you must always carry in mind.
有一件事你必須一直記住。
與mind相關(guān)詞組
make up one’s mind下決心 keep one’s mind on / upon專心注意，聚精會神
speak one’s mind說真心話
make 搭配詞組
make a decision 做出決定 make a choice做出選擇
make a trip旅行 make a study 做研究
make a mistake犯錯誤
13. My dad says he doesn’t mind a little bit of pollution, as long as it means people have jobs.
父親說并不介意一點兒污染，只要人們有工作就行。
⑴ mind
A. 當(dāng)心，注意
Good drivers are always careful to mind the speed limit. 好司機對限速總是很細心。
Mind you don’t say anything to offend them. 當(dāng)心你不要說什么話去得罪他們。
B. 介意，在乎
Would you mind if I took one of these books
你是否介意我拿起這些書中的一本。
I wouldn’t mind having a try but I’ve got to be off now.
我并不介意嘗試一下，但現(xiàn)在我得離開了。
Would you mind my opening the windows to let out so much smoke?
你是否介意我開窗排出一些煙霧？
⑵ as / so long as 只要…（就）…
I don’t care, so long as she lets me be with her son.
我并不在意，只要她讓我和她兒子在一起。
As /So long as you’re happy, it doesn’t matter what you do.
只要你快樂，做什么并不重要。
試比較：
This rule is as long as that one. 這把尺與那把一樣長。
See you tonight. So long. 今天晚上見。再見。
14. As a result, you impressed the audience. 結(jié)果，你給聽眾留下了印象。
impress印上,給留有…印象
He impressed his seal in the pot.
他把私章印在罐上。
His words are strongly impressed on/upon my memory.
他的話給我留下了很深的印象。
I was very impressed by / at / with his performance.
他的表演給我留下了深刻的印象。
15. With the opening of the city’s Modern Art Museum, hundreds of people lined up to be among the front to view modern masterpiece.
隨著現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館的開館，好幾百人排隊，欲成為第一批看到現(xiàn)代作品的人。
line up排隊，排成一行
We lined up to buy tickets for the international football match.
我們排隊去買國際足球賽的球票。
The teacher lined up the boys in front of his desk.
老師叫男生們在課桌前排成一列。
Step 4 Consolidation
Ask the students to use the words and expression learned.
Step 5 Homework
(1) Revise the use of the words and expressions.
(2) Do the exercises in the workbook.