學習目標導航
XUE XI MU BIAO DAO HANG 學習提示
話
題 1.Talk about science and scientific achievement.
2.Write a persuasion essay. 1.重點掌握與中心話題“科學成就”有關的語言知識和技能。
2.學會寫說明文。
功
能 1.If I got the money, I would…
I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to…
I hope that…; My plan is to…
2.I’ d like to…
I’ m thinking of… 練習表示intentions（意圖）和wishes（愿望）的常用句型，熟練掌握其用法。
詞
匯 likely, overseas, grasp, master, arrange, rely, failure, achieve, announce, locate 1.掌握本單元單詞的常見用法，注意其構成。
2.重點掌握并能熟練運用所列詞組的用法。
set foot, rely on, put forward, come to life
語
法 Word Formation (abbreviation) ：
ad (advertisement) 廣告
CSA (Chinese Space Agency) 中國航天局
IT (information technology) 信息技術
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 北大西洋公約組織 1.了解英語中最常用的派生法、復合法和轉換法三種構詞方法。
2.重點掌握下列四種縮略構詞法：截斷詞，首字母連寫詞，首字母拼音詞和拼綴詞。
單元要點
Word
study
1.engineering 2.solar 3.significant 4.mankind 5.constitution 6.zone 7.private 8.grasp 9.master 10.perfect 11.arrange 12.rely 13.failure 14.locate 15.valley 16.brand 17.luggage 18.achieve 19.organ 20.boom 21.breakthrough 22.agency 23.announce 24.evolution 25.supercomputer 26.likely 1.工程；工程學 2.太陽的；日光的 3.意義重大的 4.人類 5.憲法 6.區(qū)域；地帶 7.私人的；非公開的 8.抓住；理解 9.碩士；主人 10.完美的；理想的 11.安排；整理；布置 12.依靠；指望 13.失敗；失敗的人 14.把……設置在；使……坐落于；指出……的位置 15.山谷 16.商標；牌子 17.行李 18.大道；實現(xiàn)；完成19.器官；機關；風琴 20.繁榮期；迅速發(fā)展期 21.重大突破 22.代理（機構） 23.宣布；宣告 24.發(fā)展；展開 25.超級計算機 26.可能的；預期的
Useful expressions 1.genetic engineering 2.the theory of gravity 3.nuclear science 4.solar energy 5.great scientific achievements 6.have something in common 7.the first person to travel in time 8.a cure for AIDS 9.a manned space ship 10.start a company 11.spend time doing sth. 12.in store 13.it is likely that 14.more than 15.set up 16.in the late 1990s 17.the Chinese Academy of sciences 18.within the next ten years 19.a growing number of
1.基因工程 2.萬有引力理論 3.核科學 4.太陽能 5.偉大的科學成就6.有共同之處 7.時間旅行第一人 8.艾滋病治療方法 9.載人飛船 10.開辦一家公司 11.花時間做某事12.存儲 13.很有可能…… 14.不僅僅，多于 15.建立 16.在20世紀90年代末 17.中科院 18.在接下來的十年里 19.不停增加數(shù)量的
Useful expressions 20.make it possible for sb.to do sth.21.follow one’s dreams 22.top scientists 23.master’s degree 24.a dream come true 25.set foot in… 26.run a small company 27.have a positive effect on… 28.rely on 29.build the future 30.deal with 31.learn from… 32.be excited about… 33.be located in… 34.contribute to… 35.in the near future 36.be filled with 37.enjoy a boom 38.put forward a plan 39.make many breakthroughs 40.sth.be used to do 41.manned space flight 42.allow sb.to do sth.43.human genetic project 44.for the first time ever 45.the deadly disease 20.使某人做某事成為可能 尋某人的夢想 22.頂級科學家 21.追23.碩士學位 24.一個夢想實現(xiàn) 25.涉足于…… 26.開辦一家小公司 27.對于……有積極影響 28.依靠于 29.創(chuàng)造未來 30.處理 31.向……學習 32.對于……很興奮 33.位于…… 34.作貢獻于…… 35.在不久的將來 36.充滿 37.經(jīng)歷迅速發(fā)展期 38.提出一個計劃 39.取得許多突破 40.某物被用來做41.載人太空飛行 42.允許某人做某事 43.人類基因組計劃 44.第一次 45.致命的疾病
Sentence
patterns &
Communicative
English 1.If I got the money,I would …
2.My plan is to …
3.I hope that …
4.I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to …
5.I’d like to …
6.I’m thinking of …
Grammar Word-formation:
1.prefix and suffix
2.compounds 構詞法:
1.前綴，后綴
2.合成詞
Topics &Writing 1.Talk about science and scientific achievement.
2.Practise expressing intensions and wishes.
3.Learn about Word-formation.
4.Write a persuasion essay.
Language points.
1．constitution
1) 憲法the Constitution of the United States / the American Constitution
2) 體格，體質He has a weak constitution
3) 構造，構成the constitution of starch (淀粉的構成)
2．a(chǎn)chievement (U)取得，完成（C）成就，成績（V）achieve
development government movement equipment
vt 完成 達到（目的），得到
1） By hard working we can achieve anything.
2） We have achieved success in developing the product.
3．Mankind 人類 manmade (adj) Manly 有男子氣概的；剛強的
4．in store(for sb./sth.):coming in the future;about to happen
e.g.There is a surprise in store for you.
I can see trouble in store.
5．Likely 1) be likely to do sth 很可能（發(fā)生某種情況）Our team is likely to win the game.
2) it is likely that + 從句
It is likely that we’ll go on a picnic in the forest tomorrow.
辨析：likely, possible與probable
Likely 常用詞，指“從表面現(xiàn)象看很有可能”
Possible 指“由于有適當?shù)臈l件和方法，某事可能發(fā)生或做到”，強調“客觀上有可能”，但“實際希望很小”。
Probable 語氣比possible 強，指“有根據(jù)、合情理、值得相信的事物，帶有大概，很可能的意思”
Likely 之后常跟不定式（be likely to do sth） 而possible與probable之后通常不跟不定式；
Likely 的主語可以是人，而possible與probable的主語不能是人。
6．set up
1) 建立，成立 Set up home
Edison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten.
2) 樹立起來Let’s set up the tent first.
3) 使（自己或他人）從事某職業(yè)（as）
He has set himself up as a bookseller. 他開始經(jīng)營書籍。
set about doing sth 著手做 set out to do sth Set an example
set fire to 點火；放火Set off 出發(fā)，動身Set foot in (on) 登上；涉足；訪問
set foot in/on sth.: enter or visit(a place);arrive
e.g. Don’t ever set foot in this house again!
Who was the first man to set foot on the moon.
7．Private adj 私人的；私立的；不公開的
Private property Private school
a private door 便門in private 在私下，秘密地in public 公開地
8．grasp vt
1) 抓住 grasp sb by the arm
2) (= understand ) 掌握， 領會
Grasp sb’s meaning
3) n (常用單數(shù)) 緊握；把握；理解；理解力
Beyond sb’s grasp 力量達不到 Grasp all, lose all. 樣樣都要，全數(shù)失掉。 Within sb’s grasp 力量達得到
9．Master n 碩士；（男）主人；能手；雇主；大師
Mistress n 女主人 Masterless adj 無主的
Mastermind n 非常聰明的人 Masterkey n 萬能鑰匙
Masterpiece(masterwork) n 杰作 The master of the house 家長
Master and man雇主與雇工 A master in literature 文學大師
Master of Arts (MA) 文學碩士 Master of Science (MS) 理學碩士
Bachelor 學士 doctor 博士
vt 掌握；精通；控制；統(tǒng)治
Master a foreign language
Man can master nature.
10. perfect adj 理想的；完美的；絕對的；完全的；（動詞的）完成的
His reading is perfect.
He is a perfect stranger to us.
The perfect tense
vt 使完美
They worked hard to perfect their dance.
Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧
Be perfect in English 精通英語
11．a(chǎn)rrange
vt 安排，籌劃；整理，布置
1） We have arranged a party.
2） He arranged the books on the shelf.
n arrangement
(C pl) 安排；準備工作 （U，C）整理；排列；布置
12. have an effect on 對……產(chǎn)生影響
Take effect 開始生效；開始實行
In effect = in fact 實際上
13. rely on / upon : depend on…依賴，依靠；信賴，信任
We should rely on our own efforts. 我們應該自力更生。
You may rely on it that she won’t be late.你可以放心，她不會遲到的。
14．make it clear （that）…表明，講清楚
e.g. She made it clear that she objected to the proposal.
She made clear her objections.
15．Failure (v fail) 失敗(U)，失敗的人或事（C）
Failure is the mother of success.
He is a failure as an artist, but a success as an art teacher.他不是一個成功的藝術家，但是個成功的美術老師。
16．come to life: back to normal state, esp. of mind蘇醒過來，恢復生氣，活躍起來
After three hours’ saving, the injured man came to life.
When I mentioned our plans for a trip abroad, the kids came back to life at once.
17. mark
n 痕跡；符號；商標；分數(shù)；特征
an ink mark a question mark full marks make a mark 作標記
vt 做標記；留痕跡于；表明；批分數(shù)，評成績
a dirt road marked with footprints 留有腳印的泥路
be marked with 標著……；(人、動物等身上)具有
Her face is marked with sadness. 她面露悲哀。
mark examination papers.
18. outstanding
1) 杰出的，突出的 （ stand out ）一名杰出的學生 an outstanding student
2) 未完結的；未清的；未付的
Outstanding debts 未付清的欠款
19．Breakthrough n 重大突破，突圍；突破性的發(fā)現(xiàn)，成就
A military breakthrough 軍事突破A scientific breakthrough 科學成就
20．enable
en-使+able能……的
enrich enlarge
strengthen strength(力量)+ en (使) vt 加強，增強 vi 變強
they strengthened the city wall..
the wind strengthened.
deep--deepen
Sharp-sharpen
Wide--widen
21. organ n 器官；風琴；機構，機關
The eyes are the organ of sight.
state organs
a government organ
adj organic 有機物的；有機體的
n organism (C)生物，有機體，有機組織
vt organize 組織
N organization 團體，機構，組織
22. put forward 提出（建議、意見）；推薦，提名
He put forward a better plan.
We put her forward as chairman of the committee.
23. aim (sth) at sth/doing sth (把……)瞄準；目的在于；企圖
He aimed his gun at the target.
Those girls worked out every morning, aiming at losing weight.
知識點講解
1． You and your team are working on a cure for Aids. 你和你的隊員正在從事艾滋病的治療工作。
（1）work on “從事于（某項工作）”；“設法說服” eg:
They worked on the old car late into the night. 他們修這輛舊汽車一直修到深夜。
What are you doing? We are working on some wood-cuts. 你們在干什么呀？我們正在創(chuàng)作一些木刻。
Can you work on him to change his mind?你能說服他改變主意嗎？
（2）work at “學習，研究，致力于……” eg:
They have worked at this subject for many years. 他們研究這門科學好多年了。
（3）work out 做出；算出；設計出 eg:
This problem will not work out. 這道題算不出來。
They have worked out a method of sending a spacecraft to Mars.
他們已經(jīng)設計出一種向火星發(fā)射宇宙飛船的方法。
2．extremely adv. to a very high degree 極端地；極度地 eg:
It was an extremely difficult and dangerous task. 這是一項極度困難和危險的工作。
extreme adj. reaching the highest degree 極度的 eg:
extreme patience/kindness 極度的耐心/仁慈 in extreme pain 在極度痛苦中
3． cure (1)n. ①[C] curing or being cured 治療；治愈。 eg:
His cure took six months. 他的病花了六個月治療。
②[C]substance or treatment which cures 治療的藥物；治療法 eg:
Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 迄今對癌癥有治療方法嗎？
（2）vt. & vi. bring sb. back to health; get rid of one’s illness/habits eg:
This medicine will cure your headache. 這藥可以治好你的頭痛。
A few days’ rest will cure you. 休息幾天你就痊愈了。
③（詞組） cure sb. of one’s illness or bad habits 治愈疾病，改掉壞習慣 eg:
Moving to the country cured her of asthma. 搬到鄉(xiāng)下她的哮喘病就好了。
He was cured of his habit of smoking. 他改掉了吸煙的壞習慣。
4． You are working on sending a manned spaceship to Mars. 你正在從事向火星發(fā)射載人宇宙飛船的工作。
（1）manned adj. (of machines esp. in space) having men on board （飛船等）載人的 eg:
the development of manned from unmanned space craft從無人向載人飛船的發(fā)展
（2）man-made adj. produced by the work of men; not found in nature 人造的 eg:
The lake is a man-made one. 這是個人工湖。
We have sent up many man-made satellites. 我們發(fā)射了多少顆人造衛(wèi)星。
生詞和詞組
1．likely adj. (1) that is expected 很可能發(fā)生的；有希望的 eg:
Is he likely to win? 他有可能獲勝嗎？
The most likely result is a draw. 最可能的結果是不分勝負。
(2)that seems reasonable, suitable or right for a purpose 似乎合理的 eg:
That’s a likely excuse. 那似乎是個合理的借口。
(3)be likely to do… 很可能會……
It’s likely that… 可能會（有，發(fā)生）…… eg:
He is not likely to succeed. 他大概不會成功。
It is likely that he will be late. =He is likely to be late. 他可能會遲到。
2． grasp vt. , vi. & n.
(1)v. ①seize firmly with hand(s) or arm(s) 抓住；抱�。痪o握 eg:
The boy grasped his mother’s hand firmly. 那個小男孩緊握住媽媽的手。
He grasped the rope and pulled it. 他抓緊繩子用力拉。
②understand with the mind 領悟；理解 eg:
I couldn’t grasp the teacher’s meaning. 我沒領悟老師的意思。
(2)n. firm hold or grip; power of grasping 緊握；抓緊；領悟力 eg:
He doesn’t have a thorough grasp of the problem. 他沒有徹底理解這個問題。
(3)短語：beyond/within a person’s grasp 為某人所不能/能抓到的；為某人所不能/能理解的。
3． master vt. , vi & n.
(1) vt. ①become the master of; overcome 成為……的主人；征服；控制
eg: master one’s temper/feelings 控制脾氣/感情
It’s difficult to master nature. 征服大自然是困難的。
②gain as a skill 精通；熟練 eg:
master English 精通英語 master foreign affairs 精通外交事務
He never mastered the art of the public speaking. 他從未掌握當眾演講的藝術。
(2)n. ①man who has others working for him 主人，雇主
②male head of a household 家里的男主人
③captain of a merchant ship 商船的船長
④male teacher 男教師 eg:
the master of the house 一家之長
the maths master 數(shù)學教師 a master’s degree 碩士學位
4．a(chǎn)rrange vt. & vi.
(1)put in order 安排；排列；布置 eg:
She is good at arranging flowers. 她擅長插花。
Before going away, he arranged his business affairs. 他離開之前，他把業(yè)務都安排好了。
(2)make plans in advance 預做計劃 eg:
The Tourist Bureau arranged everything for our journey to Rome. 旅游局為我們去羅馬的旅行準備了一切。
(3)arrange+ n. +for +n. 為……安排…… eg:
Mother arranged an appointment for me with the dentist. 母親替我向牙醫(yī)預約掛號。
(4)arrange sb. to do … 安排某人做…… eg:
I have arranged him to meet her. 我安排他和她見面。
(5)arrange with sb. to do … 約定與某人做…… eg:
We arranged with his team to play a game of baseball. 我們約好和他們隊打一場棒球。
(6)arrange that … 商定，安排。 eg:
He arranged that the meeting (should) be put off for a week. =
He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week. 他安排把會議延后一周召開。
5． failure n.
(1)[U] failing; lack of success 失�。徊怀晒� eg:
Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。
(2)[C] instance of failing; person, attempt or thing that fails 失敗的事例；失敗的人，企圖或失敗的事物 eg:
He was a failure as a teacher. 他不是個好老師。
Success came after many failures. 失敗多次之后終于成功。
6． locate vt. & vi.
(1)discover, show the locality of 找出……的位置，指出……的位置 eg:
locate a town on a map 在地圖上找出一城市的位置
(2)establish in a place 在一地點設置 eg:
a new school to be located in the suburbs 將設置在郊區(qū)的一所新學校
(3)be located 位于 eg:
Our school is located in the center of the town. 我們學校坐落于市中心。
(4)比較location n.
[U] locating or being located 指定位置
[C] position or place 位置；地方 eg:
The hill is a good location for the new church. 那山丘是建筑新教堂的好地點。
7． organ n.
(1)any part of an animal body or plant 動植物器官 eg:
the organs of speech, the tongue, teeth, lips, etc. 語言器官（如舌、牙、唇等）
(2)organization 組織，機構 eg:
Parliament is the chief organ of the government. 國會是政府的主要機關。
(3)musical instrument from which sounds are produced by air forced through pipes, played by keys pressed with the fingers and pedals pressed with the feet 風琴
同、近義詞辨析
1．likely, possible 與probable
（1）三者均表可能性，但意思有別。possible指客觀上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible可能性稍大，有“較為可能、大概”，指有實際依據(jù)；likely是從外表跡象判斷有可能發(fā)生的事。 eg：
It’s possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能來，但也不一定準來。
She is likely to ring me tonight. 今晚她很可能給我來電話。
（2）possible 不能用人做主語。possible 常用于下列句型：
It is possible to do sth. It is possible for sb. to do sth.
It is possible that … eg:
Is it possible to say so?可能這樣說嗎？
It is possible for me to do it. 我可能做那件事。
（3）probable 也不能用人做主語。一般只用于下面句型中：
It is probable that … eg:
It is probable that he will come. 他很可能要來。
（4）likely 既可用人作主語，也可用物做主語。通可用于“It is likely that …”句型中。 eg:
He is likely to come. = It is likely that he will come. 他可能要來。但不能說：It is likely for him to come.
（5）impossible, improbable, unlikely 用法與上述類似。
2．catch, grasp, seize 與snatch
catch是普通用語，用“設法抓住，捉住”的意思； grasp表示牢牢地“抓住”；seize指“突然用力抓住使不逃脫”；snatch 表示迅速的拉扯動作、出其不意地“抓取”。 eg:
The police caught the thief as he ran. 小偷逃跑時被警察抓住了。
He grasped his gun and rushed out. 他抓起槍就沖了出去。
He seized the gun from the enemy soldier. 他從敵人士兵手中奪過了槍。
The thief snatched her handbag and ran off. 小偷搶走了她的手提包就跑了。
知識點補充
1．Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing. 無論中國將來會有什么樣的成就，其中許多可能就誕生在北京的西北部。
（1）in store 就要到來，必將發(fā)生 eg:
Who knows what the future has in store for us? 誰知道我們將來注定如何？
（2）in store 也有儲存著，備用的意思 eg:
The runner kept some energy in store for spurting at the end. 那名賽跑的人為最后沖刺貯存精力。
2． Zhongguancun was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s and quickly became the leader of China’s hi-tech industry. 在20世界90年代末中關村作為高新科技特區(qū)被創(chuàng)立并迅速成為中國高科技工業(yè)的先鋒。
（1）set up-establish 建立 eg:
The government has set up a working party to look into the problem. 政府成立工作組調查此問題。
（2）in the late 1990s 又可寫成in the late 1990’s 二十世紀九十年代末
in the early 1980s 二十世紀八十年代初
（3）hi-tech= high technology 高科技，高技術
3． When I got my master’s degree, I wanted to return home but couldn’t find a company where I could use what I had learnt. 當我獲得碩士學位時，我想回到家鄉(xiāng)，可是我沒能找到學有所用的公司。
（1）本句是一個復合句。When I got my master’s degree 為時間狀語從句，修飾主句謂語動詞wanted。wanted和couldn’t find為并列謂語動詞，由并列連詞but連接。where I could use what I had learnt為定語從句，修飾先行詞company。what I had learnt 為賓語從句。
（2）a master’s degree 碩士學位 a doctor’s degree 博士學位a bachelor’s degree 學士學位
又如：Master of Arts 文學碩士 Doctor of Law 法學博士Bachelor of Science 理學學士
4．I will never forget how happy I was when I set foot in China again and was back with my friends and family. 我永遠不會忘記當再次踏上中國土地和我的朋友及親人團聚時，那種感覺有多幸福。
（1）本句是復合句。How happy I was …為賓語從句。when I set foot in China again and was back with … 為時間狀語從句。
（2）set foot in/on 進入，踏進 eg:
She said she wouldn’t set foot in the room until it had been properly cleaned.
她說直到這屋子收拾好了她才住進去。
No man has ever set foot on that deserted island. 沒有人曾光顧過那個荒蕪的島。
5． “Relying on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power”- makes it clear that science and business can and must work together to build the future. “依靠科學，技術，知識發(fā)展經(jīng)�！保U明了科學和商業(yè)能夠且必須結合在一起共創(chuàng)未來。
（1）此句為復合句。it為形式賓語，代表that引導的賓語從句。
（2）rely on/upon信賴，依賴 eg: He can always be relied upon or help. 他的幫助是永遠可依賴的。
You may rely on my early arrival. 你放心好了，我會早到的。
（3）make…clear 表明，講清楚 eg:
Have I made myself clear? 我講清楚了嗎？
They wanted to make it clear that they did an important and necessary job. 他們想說明他們做著一項重要且必要的工作。
6． …but we are excited about all the new technology and great ideas that are coming to life in Zhongguanzun. 但是我們?yōu)樗羞@些在中關村富有活力的新技術和卓越的想法而感到激動。
（1）that are coming to life in Zhongguancun 為定語從句，修飾先行詞ideas。
（2）come to life 蘇醒；恢復生氣 eg:
We all thought he was drowned, but after an hour’s artificial respiration he came back to life.
我們都以為他淹死了，但經(jīng)過一小時的人工呼吸后，他又蘇醒了。
When I told the students the good news, they all came to life.
當我告訴學生們這個好消息時，他們都活躍起來了。
典型病句診斷
1． 病句：Yufang has come to China for three years.
診斷：Yufang has been in China for three years.
點撥：come為終止性動詞，用于現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，不能與表一段時間的狀語連用。
2． 病句：Where has he gone is to be found out.
診斷：Where he has gone is to be found out.
點撥：主語從句應用陳述句語序。
3． 病句：When I got my master’s degree, I wanted to return back to China.
診斷：When I got my master’s degree, I wanted to return to China.
點撥：return意思是“come back”，不與back連用。
4． 病句：I would rather you tell me the truth.
診斷：I would rather you told me the truth.
點撥：would rather 后面帶的賓語從句表示一種愿望，動詞要用過去式來表示虛擬語氣。
5． 病句：The old man stays very health.
診斷：The old man stays very healthy.
點撥：stay為系動詞，意為“保持（狀態(tài)）”，后用形容詞作表語。
6． 病句：Great changes have been taken place in China.
診斷：Great changes have taken place in China.
點撥：take place “發(fā)生，舉行”，不用被動語態(tài)。
7． 病句：This lesson is more easier than that one.
診斷：This lesson is much easier than that one.
點撥：形容詞比較級前不可用more, 而可以用much, even, still, a great deal, a lot, far等加強語氣。
8． 病句：All the answers are not correct. I can’t find one correct answer.
診斷：None of the answers are correct. I can’t find one correct answer.
點撥：all…not和not all…表示部分否定，意為“并非都……”，而none表示全部否定，意為“都不……”。
9． 病句：I don’t like the way which you speak to me.
診斷：I don’t like the way that you speak to me.
點撥：在way后面引導定語從句時，可用that, in which 或省略。
10． 病句：Zhongguancun has had a positive affect on business as well as science.
診斷：Zhongguancun has had a positive effect on business as well as science.
點撥：affect vt. “影響”； effect n. “影響”，have a good/bad effect on 意為“對……有好/不良的影響”。
典型例題精析
<1>Chinese arts have won the ________ of a lot of people outside China.
A.enjoyment B.appreciation
C.entertainment D.reputation
解析：enjoyment意為“快樂，高興”；appreciation意為“欣賞”；entertainment意為“招待，對待”；reputation意為“名譽，名聲”，根據(jù)句意來看選B項。答案：B
<2>The environmentalists said wild goats, ________ on the vast grasslands was a good phenomenon of the better environment.
A.escape B.absence
C.attendance D.appearance
解析：該題也是一個詞匯辨析題，同時也考查構詞法知識。escape意為“逃跑，避免”，absence意為“缺席”，attendance意為“到場、出席，護理、照料”，這三個詞都與句意不相符，只有appearance“出現(xiàn)”符合題意。答案：D
<3>Mr. Smith used to smoke ________ but he has given it up now.
A.seriously B.heavily
C.badly D.hardly
解析：該題考查詞義辨析、動詞搭配和構詞法知識。從詞義上看，hardly為頻度副詞，要放在謂語動詞的前面，首先應將D選項排除掉。另外三個詞均為方式副詞，雖然都可以置于不及物動詞之后，但含義搭配各不相同。只有heavily習慣上與 “drink, smoke, rain, snow” 等動詞搭配。故B為正確選項。答案：B
思路開拓
1.(2004年高考全國卷Ⅰ)Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to before the party.
A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change
解析：本題考查get的用法。題意是“薩拉，快點吧!恐怕在宴會前你沒時間換衣服”。get可用作系動詞，后接過去分詞，表示被動語態(tài)，如：get lost“迷路”，get dressed“穿上衣服”，get injured“受傷”，get paid“領取工資”等。此處get changed意為“換衣服”。答案為A。又如本單元課文中的一句話：The centre itself got started in the early 1980s, when Chen Chunxian, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, opened a private research and development institute.答案：A
2.(2004年高考湖南卷)I work in a business almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A.how B.which C.where D.that
解析：本題考查定語從句。題意是“我在一家公司上班，在這里幾乎每個人都在等待著飛黃騰達的機會”。句中almost everyone is waiting for a great chance是一個定語從句，修飾前面的先行詞business。由句子的結構可知，business在定語從句中應是作地點狀語，即almost everyone is waiting for a great chance in the business，故引導詞要用關系副詞where。答案為C。又如本單元課文中的一句話：I want to return home but couldn’t find a company where I could use what I had learnt.答案：C
3.(2004年高考北京卷)Now that she is out of a job, Lucy going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A.had considered B.has been considering
C.considered D.is going to consider
解析：本題考查動詞的時態(tài)區(qū)別。從題干中的is和hasn’t decided兩個動作來看，句子用的是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，根據(jù)時態(tài)一致原則，可先排除A、C兩項。題意是“露西失業(yè)了，她一直在考慮回去上學，但還沒有最終決定”�？芍獞矛F(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示一段時間以來一直在做某事。故答案為B。又如本單元課文中的一句話：Since the early 1990s, China has been enjoying a boom in scientific and technology development. 答案：B
4.(2004年上海春招)Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage the girl and took her away, into the woods.
A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;disappeared
C.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing
解析：本題考查識別句子結構的能力以及非謂語動詞的用法。題意為“突然，一個駕駛著一輛金色馬車的男人搶走了那個女孩，之后消失在那片樹林里”。句子的主語是a tall man；driving a golden carriage是分詞短語作定語；句中的and連接的是謂語動詞seized和took；因為逗號不能起連接作用，故第二個空白處的動詞與前面的seized和took不是并列的謂語動詞，而應是作結果狀語；因為disappear與man是主動關系，故用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語。答案為D。又如本單元課文中的一句話：In 2001, Chinese scientists announced that they had completed mapping out their part of the international human genome project, proving that Chinese scientists are among the world’s best.答案：D
5.(2003年高考上海卷)The discovery of new evidence led to .
A.the thief having caught B.catching the thief
C.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught
解析：本題考查動詞短語lead to的用法。lead to意為“導致，引起”，其中to是介詞，后接名詞或動名詞。題意是“新證據(jù)的發(fā)現(xiàn)導致了那個賊的被捉”。顯然，catch與the thief之間是被動關系，故要用動名詞的被動式。答案為C。又如本單元中的一句話：The programme was started in March 1986 and has led to several breakthroughs in science and technology.答案：C
能力提升
§6.1 單項填空
1.The theory by Einstein was later to prove true, but at that time few people could accept it.
A.put out B.put together C.put aside D.put forward
解析：“愛因斯坦提出的理論”。put out“撲滅”；put together“組合；整理”；put aside“擱置；存放”；put forward“提出；推薦”。答案：D
2.I don’t think Jack is a man to be when we are in trouble and need his help.
A.hoped for B.related to C.expected from D.relied on
解析：“杰克是一個不可靠的人”。rely on“依靠；信賴”。答案：D
3.An earthquake shook the city last night and hundreds of houses .
A.got to damage B.got damaged C.got damage D.got damaging
解析：“get+done”是被動語態(tài)的一種形式，get damaged意為“被毀壞”。答案：B
4.Later, I wanted to return home but couldn’t find a company I could use I had learnt.
A.that;what B.when;what C.where;what D.where;that
解析：“在公司里我可以使用我所學的知識”。where引導定語從句；what引導賓語從句。答案：C
5.Mr.White is now in Beijing and runs a company in Zhongguancun together with some Chinese friends.
A.to base B.basing C.to be based D.based
解析：公司坐落在中關村，即以中關村為基地，用過去分詞based作定語，相當于which is based。答案：D
6.The earliest influences upon children will most likely have the strongest effects their personalities.
A.toward B.on C.over D.for
解析：have effect on/upon是固定搭配，意為“對……有影響”。答案：B
7.Now there is just one point I wish you to make quite clear.
A.where B.which C.whether D.when
解析：point在后面的定語從句中作make的賓語，故引導詞用which。答案：B
8.Just as the doctor , your wife is not exactly fat, but rather well-built for her age.
A.gets it B.makes it C.puts it D.means it
解析：get it“明白了，知道了”；make it“到達；成功”；put it“說，表達”；mean it“說話算數(shù)”。答案：C
9.They say the recorder costs 150 dollars. But I don’t think it’s worth much.
A.that B.as C.even D.rather
解析：“不值那么多錢”，用that much，此時that相當于so。答案：A
10.When I mentioned our plans for a trip abroad, the kids life at once.
A.came to B.got to C.return to D.went to
解析：come to life是固定短語，意為“變得活躍起來”。答案：A
11.He got full marks in this math exam, that he was among the class’ best.
A.to prove B.proved C.having proved D.proving
解析：此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語，相當于and proved。答案：D
12.Firemen said the fire wasunder control, but they warned that the change in the weather might new fires.
A.lead to B.bring in C.result from D.break out
解析：天氣的變化可能引起新的火災。lead to“引起，導致”；bring in“引進，賺錢”；result from“起因于”；break out“爆發(fā)，發(fā)生”，是不及物動詞短語。答案：A
13. great progress we have made, we should not be conceited.
A.However B.How C.Whatever D.What
解析：whatever引導讓步狀語從句，相當于no matter what。因progress是名詞，故前面不能用however。
答案：C
14.He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years.
A.is B.are C.have been D.has been
解析：此處定語從句修飾the only one，故從句中的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。答案：D
15.The success you have achieved today may be for your whole future.
A.accessible B.significant C.temporary D.challenging
解析：你今天取得的成功或許對你整個人生都很重要。accessible“可使用的”；significant“重要的”；temporary“暫時的”；challenging“具有挑戰(zhàn)性的”。答案：B
課文譯文
中關村
不管中國將來會創(chuàng)造出多么偉大的成就，他們很有可能就誕生在北京的西北部。中關村，在北京海淀區(qū)，是中國科技的新中心。它是中科院以及北京大學、清華大學等十幾所著名高校的所在地。
中關村在20世紀90年代末的時候才建為一個特別經(jīng)濟區(qū)，但很快就成了中國高新技術工業(yè)的領導力量。該中心本身創(chuàng)辦于20世紀80年代初，中科院研究員陳春賢首先在此開辦了一家私人研究發(fā)展學院。在接下來的10年里，大約有一百多家科技公司搬到這個地區(qū)來，這樣，新的科技中心圍繞著當初的中關村花園發(fā)展起來了。他們都有自己的特色，但他們也都有共同點，即:使得中關村成為一個成功典范的創(chuàng)新精神和科學技術。
中關村也擁有一批人數(shù)正在逐年增長的海外歸來的學子，他們抓住機會來實現(xiàn)他們的愿望。項余方就是在海外學習工作后歸國的學子之一。中關村實現(xiàn)了利用自己所學為國效力的夢想。
“我在國外求學是因為我想多看一看世界，能和我所研究領域的頂級科學家們一起工作。在國外，我從沒感到很舒適，我想念在中國的一切。獲得碩士學位的時候，我想回國，但苦于找不到一家公司施展我的才學。我在國外工作了幾年，后來我聽說了中關村，我知道它很適合我。”
項余方和幾個在北京的大學同學說了這事，他們安排他回國。他辭去了在外國公司的工作，回到了北京。
“我非常高興，太棒了，就像一個夢想實現(xiàn)了一樣。我能做我想做的并且能為國家作貢獻的事情了，我將永遠不會忘記當我第一腳踏上中國的土地，再次見到我的朋友和家人時我是多么的興奮！”
余方現(xiàn)在已在中國四年了，做得很棒。他住在北京，和兩個朋友以中關村為基地開辦了一家小公司。
中關村不僅對商業(yè)，對科學也有積極的影響�，F(xiàn)在，中關村大約有八千多家高新技術公司，其中一半以上與IT（信息技術）產(chǎn)業(yè)有關。該園里也有中國電腦產(chǎn)業(yè)巨頭“聯(lián)想”和“方正”以及20多家知名國際公司。中關村的著名格言之一“依靠科學、技術、知識來增強經(jīng)濟實力”，說明科學和商業(yè)能夠并且一定要聯(lián)合在一起共建未來。另外一句格言幫我們解釋該園的成功秘訣:“鼓勵創(chuàng)造性工作，接受失敗”。偉大的科學成就都是多年失敗的結晶，多年的嘗試創(chuàng)造以前從未存在的東西。
中關村的科學研究人員都知道，如果他們勇于面對失敗，并且從失敗中學習，他們就能夠達到頂峰。不是所有的公司都能成功的，但他們所代表的創(chuàng)造精神是比金錢都還重要的。正如余方所說:“我們還沒有掙很多錢，但對于中關村所激活的新技術和偉大的想法我們激動不已”。
綜合技能
火熱的成就
中國的歷史充滿了科技方面的偉大成就。自從20世紀90年代以來，中國的科技迅猛發(fā)展。中國政府提出“科技興國”戰(zhàn)略；在科技方面已經(jīng)獲得了許多重大突破。結果是顯而易見的。
空間探索
CSA，中國航天部，已經(jīng)成功地研發(fā)了長征系列火箭。這些火箭很安全，已經(jīng)用來向太空發(fā)射衛(wèi)星，并且準備發(fā)射我們國家第一次載人太空飛行。
探索生命奧秘
中國在利用基因技術提高農業(yè)產(chǎn)量方面一直都處于領先位置。最重要的成就之一就是一種能增加產(chǎn)量的水稻。在過去的二十年時間里，中國加入了研究人類身體的國際組織。2001年，中國科學家宣布，他們已經(jīng)成功地完成了他們那一部分的國際人類基因組測序工程，再一次證明中國科學家是全球最棒的。
電子革命
中國可以說是一眼就愛上了比特�；ヂ�(lián)網(wǎng)正在越來越受歡迎，一種新的寬帶互聯(lián)網(wǎng)即將問世。中國計算機工程師們研發(fā)了神威級超級計算機，運算速度，世界第48位，還研制了第一代人工智能機器人。
戰(zhàn)勝癌魔
人類歷史中第一次，科學家能創(chuàng)造出一種戰(zhàn)勝癌細胞的化學元素。
知識記憶
1.significant adj.意義重大的，重要的，有意義的a significant date 一個重要的日期
It is a significant change in the system.這是制度上的重大改變。
The Olympic Games is a significant event for the country.舉辦奧運會是對該國具有重大意義的事件。
Penicillin was an extremely significant medical discovery.青霉素是一項極其重要的醫(yī)學發(fā)現(xiàn)。
He gave her a significant look.他意味深長地看了她一眼。
be significant of… 意味著，表示……
His silence was significant of his displeasure.他的沉默顯示了他心中的不快。
The laughter was significant of the crowd’s respect for the speaker.這笑聲表示觀眾對演講人的尊敬。
2.likely adj.很可能的
①sb./sth.is likely to do sth. “某人或某事可能會……”
He is likely to win.他可能會贏。
Are we likely to arrive on time?我們會按時到達嗎？
It is likely to rain tonight.今晚可能下雨。
An accident is likely to happen if you are not careful enough.如不小心，你就可能出事故。
②It is likely that… “很可能會……”
Is it likely that he will arrive so late?他可能會來得很晚嗎？
It is not likely that she should have said so.她不可能這么說。
adv.大概，或許，很可能；通常與most, very, quite等連用。
He will very likely pass the exam.他可能會通過考試的。
Most likely his attempt will fail.很可能他的嘗試會失敗。
3.private adj.私立的，私人的，非公開的
He attended a private school in town.他曾就讀于城里的一所私立學校。
You can get a private doctor to operate on him.你可以找個私人醫(yī)生為他做手術。
This is my private view.這是我個人的看法。
He is here on private business.他是因私事來這里的。
It’s wrong to read people’s private letters without permission.未經(jīng)允許看私人信件是不對的。
I wish to have a private talk with you.我想私下與你談談。
in private“私下地，秘密地，不公開地”
It isn’t the sort of thing one should talk of in private.這不是那種可以私下談論的事情。
He can be very rude in private, though in public he’s usually polite.他雖然在公共場合彬彬有禮，但私底下卻很粗野。
4.grasp vt.抓住，抓牢，理解
He reached out, grasped my hand, and shook it.他伸出手，抓住我的手握了一下。
He grasped her firmly by the arm.他緊緊抓住她的手臂。
If you grasp the rope I will pull you up.你抓緊繩子，我把你拉上來。
Grasp your chances while you can.只要有可能，就要抓住你的機會。
You must grasp this opportunity to study abroad.你要抓住這次出國學習的機會。
I didn’t quite grasp what he was talking about.對他所講的，我不太理解。
I grasped the main points of the speech.我理解了這次講話的要點。
5.set foot in到達，進入，踏上
I left him, determined never to set foot in that house again.我離開了他，決心再也不踏進那個家門。
She had never set foot in a place as grand as this before.她以前從沒到過這么大的地方。
I’ll never set foot in Tokyo again.我再也不會踏進東京一步。
6.failure n.失敗[U]；失敗的事或人[C]
Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。
His plans ended in failure.他的計劃以失敗而告終。
It was clear that the policy was a failure.很明顯，那項政策失敗了。
But this plan, too, can be nothing but a failure.但這項計劃也只能會失敗。
Gary was a failure as a football player.作為一個足球運動員，加里是個失敗者。
Success comes after many failures.成功是源于很多次的失敗后得來的。
7.locate vt.設置(機關、店鋪等)，設立(工廠、辦公室等)；確定……的位置
They decided to locate their new office in Hong Kong.他們決定在香港設立新的辦事處。
We located the island on the map.我們在地圖上確定那個島的位置。
be located in/on… 坐落于……，位于……
Our school is located in the centre of the town.我們學校坐落于市鎮(zhèn)的中心。
The country is located in the southern part of Africa.該國位于非洲南部。
8.luggage n.(總稱)行李
He did not have much luggage.他沒有很多行李。
You are only allowed to take one piece of hand luggage onto a plane.你只可攜帶一件手提行李上飛機。
They left their luggage at the station.他們把行李忘在了車站。
注：luggage是不可數(shù)名詞。
9.put forward提出，建議，推薦
He had no desire to put forward his plan.他不想提出他的計劃。
Are you serious in putting forward such a view?你真的要提出這種觀點嗎？
The theory was laughed at when it was first put forward.這個理論剛提出時，就受到了嘲笑。
We put him forward for the position of chairman.我們推舉他當主席。
10.announce vt.宣布，宣告，顯示
He phoned me to announce his decision.他打電話給我，宣布了他的決定。
The government announced its new economic policies.政府發(fā)布了新的經(jīng)濟政策。
We have announced our engagement to some friends only.我們只告知某些朋友有關我們訂婚的事。
It has been announced that he will resign.他已經(jīng)將辭職的消息宣布了。
He announced that he would pay his debts.他宣布他將償還債務。
Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow.請告知你們班的學生明天不上課。
A warm sunshine announces the coming of spring.溫暖的陽光顯示春天即將來到。
發(fā)散思維
1.rely on 依靠，依賴，信賴，指望
We may rely on his promises.我們可以信賴他的諾言。
The man is not to be relied on.這個人不可靠。
We must rely on our own efforts.我們一定要靠自己的努力。
They rely heavily on us for help.他們很依賴我們的幫助。
rely on sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事，相信某人會做某事
You can rely on Peter to do what he promises.你可以相信彼特會做他答應做的事的。
I rely on her to pay back the money.我相信她會還錢。
rely on one’s doing sth.指望某人做某事，相信某人會做某事
Don’t rely on my seeing you off.不要指望我為你送行。
We can’t rely on his coming in time.我們不能指望他會按時來到。
rely on it that… 相信……，指望……
You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.你放心好了，他會來接見你的。
2.arrange vt.安排，籌劃，整理，布置
I have to arrange my affairs before going away.在走之前，我得把我的事情安排好。
Please arrange the books on the shelves.請把架子上的書整理好。
She helped me arrange the flowers.她幫助我養(yǎng)花。
The travel agency has arranged everything for our trips to Canada.旅行社已為我們的加拿大之行準備好一切。
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事，預定做某事
I’ve arranged to see her tomorrow morning.我安排明天上午會見她。
He arranged to meet us at the hotel at one o’clock.他預定1點到賓館與我們見面。
arrange for 安排，準備
I have to arrange for everything.我必須準備好一切。
I’ll arrange for a car to pick you up at the airport.我會安排一輛汽車到機場去接你。
They have arranged for another man to take his place.他們已安排另一個人去接替他的位置。