Warming up/Listening/Speaking
1. The conversation Workshop is taught on Wednesday afternoon.
conversation n.
釋義: a spoken exchange of thoughts, opinions, and feelings; a talk 談話
例句 ①I had a long conversation with your teacher.
我和你們老師進(jìn)行了長時間的談話。
②He was deep in conversation with his accountant.
他與會計深入交談.
辨析: conversation & talk & chat
conversation通常指親切的交談, 常為交流思想或情況為目的。
talk作不可數(shù)名詞是指說話這一活動的詞。talk作可數(shù)名詞,通常指在普通場合對少數(shù)人發(fā)表的簡短講話;而作復(fù)數(shù)是指政治家之間在莊重的場合中進(jìn)行的嚴(yán)肅談話。chat是親切的交談, 通常指交流個人的情況。
例句①It can be very difficult making conversation at a party.
在聚會時有時很難找話題。
②We had a long talk.
我們談了很長時間。
③I had a long chat with her about her job.
關(guān)于她的工作，我和她聊了很久。
考例：
workshop n.
釋義: ①An educational seminar or series of meetings emphasizing interaction and exchange of information among a usually small number of participants
研習(xí)會，討論會
②room or building in which machines, etc are made or repaired 車間
例句① She is in charge of a theatre workshop.
她負(fù)責(zé)一個戲劇研討班.
② She’ll attend a poetry workshop.
她將參加一個詩歌研討班.
③ John is in the workshop.
約翰在車間。
The library is open on Saturday from 8:30am to 10:00 am.
詞組: be open to sb. 對……開放
例句: The swimming pool will be open to the public before long.
這游泳池不久將開放.
2. The Group of Eight consists of the eight richest countries in the world.
詞組: consist of 由……組成,相當(dāng)于be made up of。
例句:①.The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
英國由大不列顛王國和北愛爾蘭組成.
②Her diet consisted mainly of bread and vegetable.
她的飲食主要由面包和蔬菜組成.
考例： It’s a simple dish to prepare, mainly _____rice and vegetables.
A. consisting of B. made up for
C. made from D. consisting in
3. Do island nations have advantages over other countries?
advantage n[C]
釋義: a beneficial factor or combination of factors 有利條件
詞組: ① have an advantage over
釋義： have the condition or circumstance that gives one superiority or success. 有優(yōu)勢
② have the advantage of sb.
釋義： be in a better position than sb, esp. in knowing sth. that he does not know.
占上風(fēng)（尤指知其所不知）
③take advantage of sb./sth.
釋義： make use of sth. well, properly 充分利用
例句①Linda has an advantage over an opponent.
琳達(dá)有超越對手的優(yōu)勢。
②He has the advantage of a steady job.
他有工作穩(wěn)定的有利條件。
③We should take advantage of all educational opportunities.
我們應(yīng)該利用一切教育機會。
考例： The of booking tickets in advance is that you get better seats.
A. bad B. good C. disadvantage D. advantage
His height and reach give him a big advantage ______other boxers.
A. at B. in C. over D. of
Try to reach agreement on the main points.
agreement n.
釋義: harmony of opinion; accord 一致
reach agreement 達(dá)成一致意見
例句: ①The two sides were unable to reach agreement.
雙方不能達(dá)成一致意見.
②They have reached an agreement about the plan.
他們在這個計劃上意見一致了。
拓展: 反義詞: disagreement n
釋義：a failure or refusal to agree 未能達(dá)成一致;拒絕達(dá)成一致;不同意
動詞: agree vt.
釋義：To grant or concede 同意；贊同
反義詞: disagree vt.
釋義：to have a differing opinion 意見不同;有分歧;不同意
例句①We have been having a few disagreements in the committee lately.
我們委員會中近來發(fā)生了一些爭執(zhí)。
②My parents agreed that we should go.
我的父母親同意我們?nèi)ネ?/p>
③I disagree with you about this.
對于這件事我跟你意見不同。
考例： __ main points, they haven’t reached agreement.
A. For B. On
C. With D. To
They think it is just a matter of looking at maps carefully and remembering …
詞組: a matter of 一個……的問題
例句①Don’t worry; it’s only a matter of time.
不用擔(dān)心, 這只是時間問題。
②It’s only a matter of time before the police get him.
警察抓住他只是時間問題。
拓展: in the matter of
釋義：concerning sth 與……有關(guān)
as a matter of fact
釋義：in reality 實際上
例句①I want to speak to her about my salary.
我想跟她談?wù)勎业男剿畣栴}。
②I’m going there tomorrow, as a matter of fact.
說實話，我明天要去那里。
4. Aren’t you confusing…?
confuse vt.
釋義: to make sb. unable to think clearly; puzzle; bewilder 使(某人)弄糊涂;使迷惑; 使為難
例句①We tried to confuse the enemy.
我們試圖迷惑敵人。
②I was confused by all the noise.
一片嘈雜聲把我弄得昏頭昏腦。
考例：
Reading
1. The idea that England stands for Fish& Chips, Speakers’ corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.
句中that引導(dǎo)的從句是同位語從句，它一般跟在某些名詞如belief, fact, hope, idea, news, problem…的后面，用以說明或解釋前面的名詞。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分.引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞最常見的是連詞that,
此外還有連接副詞how, when, where, why等。
例句① The possibility that people would have to share rooms was not mentioned.
要共用房間的可能性沒有被提到。
②I have no idea when Jack will be back.
我不知道杰克什么時候回來。
③He can’t answer the question how he got the money.
他不能回答他怎么得到錢的。
詞組： stand for
釋義： represent sth. 代表某事物
例句①I condemn fascism and all it stands for.
我譴責(zé)法西斯主義及其所代表的一切。
②The letters BBC stand for British Broadcasting Company.
字母BBC代表英國廣播公司。
考例：
2． Within Great Britain for many years now, there has been a growing movement to make the most of its cultural diversity---to see it as it really is: a nation of different countries hold together by a common language and culture.
(1)詞組： make the most of
釋義： profit as much as one can from sth./sb. 從某事、某人處獲得盡可能多的好處
例句①We should make the most of the chance.
我們要充分利用這個好機會.
②Do you know how to make the most of the computer for your study?
你知道如何充分利用電腦來學(xué)習(xí)嗎？
(2)結(jié)構(gòu): do sth. as it is
釋義：taking the present circumstances into account 按照事物的原樣做某事
例句①Tell her the news as it is.
不消息原原本本告訴她。
②A witness must state the facts as they are.
目擊者必須如實闡述事實。
(3)詞組: hold together 保持完整,保持團(tuán)結(jié)
例句 ①The Party always holds together in times of crisis.
這個政黨在危急時刻總是保持團(tuán)結(jié)。
②The country needs a leader who will hold the nation together.
這個國家需要一個能團(tuán)結(jié)全國人民的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。
考例：
The UK is a nation of different countries______ by a common language and culture.
A. join together B. held together
C. hold together D. made up of
3. The largest island is called Britain, which is separated from France by the English Channel, which at one point is only 20 miles away.
（1）上句含有which引導(dǎo)的兩個非限制性定語從句,先行詞分別是Britain和the English Channel.
（2）separate: vt.
釋義: to set or keep apart; disunite
分隔；使隔開
詞組: separate…from… 把……和……隔離開
例句① The two children separated at the end of the road.
兩個孩子在路的盡頭分手了。
②This patient should separated from the others.
這個病人應(yīng)該隔離。
辨析:separate from & divide into
Separate from強調(diào)把相鄰或相近的不同物品分開; divide into指把整體分成不同部分。
例句①The Taiwan Straight separates Taiwan from the mainland.
臺灣海峽把臺灣島和大陸分開。
②He divided the apple into two halves.
他將蘋果分成兩半。
（3）詞組: at one point 意為 “在某處,一度”.point可為復(fù)數(shù).
例句: ① Our boss is not satisfied with you at one point.
在某一點上, 我們老板對你不滿意。
②Cretty was at one point fired by his company.
Cretty一度差一點被公司解雇了。
Between Britain and Ireland in the Irish sea, lies the small Isle of Man.
To the southeast of Britain lies the Channel `Islands.
以上兩句都是倒裝句.表示地點的介詞短語或副詞here, there, in, out , down, away, back, now, then等放在句首,主語是名詞,句子要用全部倒裝。
例句① South of our school lies a restaurant.
學(xué)校南面有一家餐館.
②Away went the crowd one by one.
人們一個一個地離去.
考例：In the eastern part of New Jersey , a major shipping center.
A. lies the city of Elizabeth
B. the city of Elizabeth lies there
C. where lies the city of Elizabeth
D. there lying the city of Elizabeth
Key: A
4. In general, Scotland is colder throughout the year, and receive more rain.
in general
釋義：mainly.; mostly; usually 一般地；大體上；通常
例句 ①In general, your plan is practical
大體上說, 你的計劃很實際.。
②In general her work has been good, but this essay is dreadful.
總的來說，她的作品不錯，但這篇文章糟透了。
考例： 20.He didn't go into detail on the subject, he spoke .
A. in common B. in particular C. in general D. in short
5. The culture of the people was influenced by the culture of the people in the European mainland.
influence
釋義:① vt. to produce an effect on by imperceptible or intangible means; sway.
感化;影響
②n. a power affecting a person, thing, or course of events, especially one that operates without any direct or apparent effort
影響;感化力
例句① My teacher influenced my decision to study science.
我的老師對我學(xué)理科的決定起了影響作用。
②It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso.
她的畫顯然受了畢加索的影響.
③My teacher's influence made me study science at college.
由于我老師的影響，我上大學(xué)學(xué)了理科。
④Many a woman has had civilizing influence upon her husband.
許多婦女對其丈夫有影響。
辨析: influence & affect
affect是指產(chǎn)生足以引起反應(yīng)的某種作用。
Influence指使行動、思想、性格或舉止產(chǎn)生變化。
例句① The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.
氣候影響了雨量。
② Don’t be influenced by the bad examples.
不要受壞樣子的影響。
考例： Violence on TV may turn out to be a strong on some young people.
A. influential B. impression C. influence D. fluent
Key: C
Their languages formed the basis of English.
basis n.
釋義: a foundation upon which something rests基礎(chǔ)
例句①What is the basis of your opinion?
你的觀點的根據(jù)是什么？
②Rates of work are calculated on a weekly basis.
工資是以周為為計算基準(zhǔn)的.
詞組: on the basis of … 在……的基礎(chǔ)上
例句: On the basis of those facts, we can reach the following conclusion.
在這些事實的基礎(chǔ)上,我們可以得出以下結(jié)論。
辨析: base & basis
base主要指物體基礎(chǔ)。
basis用來指非物質(zhì)方面的基礎(chǔ)。
例句 ①That company has offices all over the world, but their base is in Paris.
這個公司的辦事處遍布全世界，但本部在巴黎。
②The coccyx is a small bone at the base of the spine.
尾骨是脊骨底部的一塊小骨。
③Their arguments have firm basis.
他們的論據(jù)有堅實基礎(chǔ)。
④There is no scientific basis for these claims.
這些主張沒有科學(xué)根據(jù)。
考例：
6. In 1066 England was conquered by the French.
conquer vt.
釋義: ①to defeat or subdue by force, especially by force of arms
征服
②to overcome or surmount by physical, mental, or moral force克服
例句①According to the textbook of history, the Normans conquered England in 1066.
據(jù)歷史書記載諾曼底人于一零六六年占領(lǐng)了英格蘭。
②I finally conquered my fear of heights.
我終于克服了我的懼高癥
③Modern medical science has conquered many diseases.
現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)征服了許多疾病。
辨析: conquer & defeat
conquer強調(diào)“把對方征服”，而且被征服者或被征服的國家為征服者所有，可以任意支配。
defeat 的含義是“打敗”，但被打敗者不一定服輸。
例句①Some countries may be defeated but can never be conquered.
有的國家可能被打敗，但決不能被征服。
②The public bet a lot of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated.
公眾為門杜薩下了一大筆賭注，但是他被擊敗了。
7. The result of this French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table, animal and age.
詞組: end up with 以……結(jié)束
例句① His first experiment ended up with failure.
他的第一個實驗以失敗結(jié)束.
②The meeting ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.
大會以唱“友誼地久天長”結(jié)束。
考例： At the dinner we usually soup and fruit.
A. begin with; end up with B. begin with; end with at
C. end up with; begin with D. end up with ;begin at
8. Scotland joined later in 1707, while the southern part of Ireland was only part of the UK for some time, and is now an independent republic.
independent adj.
釋義: not governed by a foreign power; self-governing 獨立的，自治的
例句: Zimbabwe became independent in 1980.
津巴布韋于一九八零年獨立。
拓展： independence n.
釋義：the state or quality of being independent獨立
例句This country gained its independence in 1960.
這個國家在1960年獲得獨立。
The smaller islands, such as the Isles of Man, are neither part of the United Kingdom nor independent.
neither…nor…是一個連詞詞組,作 “既不……也不……”解.用來連接兩個并列的成分。
例句①We had neither money nor food.
我們既沒錢,也沒食物。(連接兩個并列賓語)
②They neither smoke nor drink.
他們既不抽煙也不喝酒。 (連接兩個并列謂語)
③Neither John nor Mary was interested in the lecture.
約翰和瑪麗對這個講座都不感興趣。 (連接兩個并列主語)
注:1. neither…nor…, not…but…(不是……而是……), not only…but also…(不但……而且……), either…or…(或者……或者……)等并列連詞連接兩個并列主語時, 謂語動詞應(yīng)和鄰近的主語在數(shù)上取得一致.
例句:① Not you but your father is to blame.
不是你, 而是你父親應(yīng)該被責(zé)備。
②Either you or I am to do the work.
要么你,要么我做這項工作。
2. as well as(也,而且), together with(和……一起), rather than(不是), except(除了)出現(xiàn)在主語位置上,謂語應(yīng)與前面的主語保持一致。
例句: I as well as they am to help you.
不僅他們,我也愿意幫助你。
9. There are six spoken languages that are considered to be native to the British Isles as well as two local accents.
accent n. [C]
釋義: national, local or individual way of pronouncing words 口音,腔調(diào),土腔
例句: ① He speaks with a strong southern accent.
他說話帶有很濃的南方口音。
②She told me her story in broken accent.
她泣不成聲地告訴我她的經(jīng)歷。
They realise that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.
上句that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中it是形式主語, 真正的主語是to record and teach them to the younger generation.
結(jié)構(gòu): be+of+n.= be+adj.of可以和help, importance, value, age, size, color, weight, shape, height等名詞連用,表示具有某方面的特征.
例句: ①The meeting is of great importance.=The meeting is very important.
會議很重要。
②A college education is of great value in one’s life.= A college education is valuable in one’s life.
高等教育在人生中很重要。
考例： You will find this map of great in helping you to get around London.
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
Key: C
Integrating skills:
1. 1.In the eighteenth century Englishmen started developing interest to travel around the British Isles and describe the countryside, the cities, the people and their life and culture.
develop vt.
釋義: To come to have gradually; acquire:
逐漸擁有；獲得
例句: He developed a taste for opera because of his father .由于他的父親,他逐漸獲得了對歌劇的鑒賞力.
They developed a friendship when they traveled to Australia.
他們在去澳大利亞旅游途中發(fā)展了友誼.
2. There could be as many as six hundred thousand sheep fed within six miles of Salisbury, measuring everyway round and the town in the center.
fed within six miles of Salisbury 為過去分詞短語作后置定語。
例句:
measuring every way round and the town in the centre. Ving短語作定語.
“以索爾茲伯里市為中心的六英里范圍內(nèi)”
measure: vt.
釋義: to ascertain the dimensions, quantity, or capacity of sth 測量
例句①The largest measured wave in history rose in the Pacific Ocean to a height of thirty-four meters.
歷史上所測到的最大波浪在太平洋中高達(dá)三十四米。
②Mother measured me to see what size of dress I should have.
母親給我量尺寸，好知道我該穿多大號的衣服。
考例：
3. As we traveled through this country, we saw many old relics from ancient times and ruins of the native population of this kingdom .
relic n[C]
釋義: Something that has survived the passage of time, especially an object or a custom whose original culture has disappeared.
遺跡
例句They dug out many unearthed relics.
他們挖出了很多出土文物.
ruin n[C]
釋義: a destroyed person, object, or building 搗毀的東西
Often ruins refer to the remains of something destroyed, disintegrated, or decayed.
常作 ruins指被毀壞、瓦解或腐爛的某物的遺跡。
Vt. to destroy completely; demolish 徹底破壞；毀滅
例句①Professor William studied the ruins of ancient Greece.
威廉教授研究古希臘遺跡。
②We saw the ruins of the church.
我們看見了這座教堂的廢墟。
③She poured water all over my painting and ruined it.
她把水全倒在了我的畫上，把畫毀了。
詞組: in ruins
釋義：in a severely damaged or decayed condition. 成為廢墟，遭到嚴(yán)重破壞
例句①An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.
那次地震以后，全城到處是廢墟。
②His career lies in ruins.
他已前途盡毀。
辨析: vt. destroy & ruin
ruin通常暗指無可挽回的傷害，但并不一定指完全毀滅。
destroy 的意義更廣泛，指拆毀，拆卸。
例句①The fire ruined the books in the library.
大火毀壞了圖書館的書。
②You will ruin no more lives as you ruined mine
你不會再象破壞我的生活一樣破壞其他人的生活了.
③It became necessary to destroy the town in order to save it.
為了拯救這個鎮(zhèn)，有必要毀壞它.
④The ancient manuscripts were destroyed by fire.
古代手稿被大火吞噬了.
考例：
4. The cathedral is famous for the height of its tower, which is without doubt the highest and the most handsome in England, being from the ground 404 feet.
doubt n.
釋義: a point about which one is uncertain or skeptical疑點
例句①There is no doubt that he is guilty.
毫無疑問，他是有罪的。
②I have (my) doubts about whether he is the best man for the job.
我懷疑他是否做這項工作的最好人選。
詞組: beyond doubt或without doubt
釋義： certainly 無疑地；確實地；肯定地
例句：She was beyond doubt the finest ballerina of her day.
她無疑是她那個時代最優(yōu)秀的芭蕾舞演員。
考例：
5.The city of Salisbury has two important kinds of produce and trade, which employ the poor of a great part of the country round --- namely, making cloth and sheets, called Salisbury Whites.
employ vt.
釋義: ①to put to use or service.
投入使用或服務(wù)
②To devote (time, for example) to an activity or purpose:
投入：投入（例如，時間）到一個活動或目的中
例句: ①The police force to open the door.
警察強行把門打開.
②He employed his knife as a lever.
他把刀子當(dāng)杠杠用.
③She employs her free time in sewing.
她把閑暇時間花在縫紉上。
拓展: employment n. 雇用, 使用, 利用, 工作, 職業(yè)
namely adv.
釋義: that is to say, on the other hand
例句: ①Only one person can do the job, namely you.
只有一個人能做這項工作,也就是你.
②Only one student passed the exam, namely Peter.
只有一個學(xué)生通過了考試，就是彼得。
6. I have written before that this country has high hills, whose tops spread out into green fields upon which great numbers of sheep are fed.
Spread: vi
釋義: To be extended or enlarged. 延伸或擴大
詞組: spread out 伸展出去
例句: ①The fire spread from the factory to the houses near by.
火從工廠蔓延到附近的房舍。
②The news of victory spread apace.
勝利的消息迅速傳開。
7. But I want to tell the reader that these hills and fields are most beautiful, with many small and clear rivers, and rich fields bearing fruit and grain.
Bear vt.
釋義: To produce; yield 生產(chǎn)；結(jié)（果實
To give birth to. 生育，生殖
例句: Different trees bear different fruits.
什么樣的樹結(jié)什么樣的果。
This tree bears no fruit.
這棵樹不會結(jié)果.
She has born a son.
他已生了一個兒子.
1.California is one of the biggest s in the US.
2.You must decide for yourself. Don’t let anyone else i you.
3.Jean was e by the company as a general manager.
4.When you a the town you will see a garage on your left.
5.A sofa bed is a sofa that you can pull out to f a bed.
6. The tear gas was e to break up the protestors.
7. S the sheep from the goats.
8. Boys have more a over girls in finding jobs.
9. The tornado s destruction.
10. We have no d of his ability.
1. states 2. influence 3. employed 4. approach
5. form 6. employed 7. Separate 8. advantages
9. spread 10. doubt
1. The team four Europeans and two Americans.
A. consists of B. made up
C. makes up D. consist
2. His in science gave him the courage to fight against the disease.
A. believe B. belief C. confidence D. spirit
3. It was her performances in Africa which her an international reputation as a soprano(女高音歌手).
A. gets B. achieved C. gained D. give
4. If you look out of the window on the left of the bus, you’ll see that we’re now
the Tower of London.
A. coming B. closing C. going D. approaching
5. Only then that the conference was .
A. I realized…important B. did I realize…of importance
C. did I realized…important D. I realized…of importance
6. Indonesia some 3,000 islands stretching more than 2,000 miles from east to west.
A. makes up B. makes the most of
C. is made up of D. is consisted of
7. he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.
A. What B. That C. Whether D. If
8. It’s a simple dish to prepare, mainly _____rice and vegetables.
A. consisting of B. made up for
C. made from D. consisting in
9. _____, the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.
A. In common B. In total
C. In general D. In particular
10. Papermaking began in China and from here it _______ to North Africa and Europe.
A. spread B. grew
C. carried D. developed
11. I insisted on my father his medicine every day, but he refused.
A. reminding; taking B. to remind; to take C. to remind; taking D. reminding; to take
12.-Do you think there is anything interest in the exhibition?
-Yes, I think some of the pictures are .
A. for; of help B. of; of great help
C. in; of helpful D. at; helpful
13.-Will Taiwan come to China?
-Surely, only time.
A. the matter with B. the matter of
C. a matter of D. a matter with
14.-Do you know how many planets the solar system?
- nine.
A. form; As many as B. consist; As many as
C. make; As much as D. build; As much a
15.-What are your favourite subjects?
-I'm fond of three subjects, ,English, math and history.
A. generally B. or rather
C. namely D. including
16.In playing basketball, Yao Ming others.
A. has advantage over B. had advantage over
C. has an advantage over D. had an advantage upon
17.What is the of your opinion? Karl Max made London for the of his revolutionary work.
A. basis; base B. basis; basis
C. base; basis D. base; base
18. The United Kingdom Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
A. makes up B. composes
C. consists of D. was made up of
19.In both work and study we ought to our time.
A. make the most of B. make most of
C. make best of D. make an use of
20．most half of China was by the Japanese soldiers from the year 1937 to 1945.
A. run over B. taken over
C. pulled over D. pushed over
34.Over-heating development might have bad on the national economy.
A. cause B. influence
C. result D. factor
The two boys were fighting each other, and it was very difficult for the old man to______ them.
A. separate B. divide
C. keep D. prevent
It’s my first holiday for two years so I’m going to_______ the most of it.
A. try B. use up
C. make D. do
He made_____ clear to the poor peasant that he would make him_______ if he saved him.
A. /; the king B. it; the king
C. /; king D. it; king