一、單元考點提示
1.詞匯
settle, struggle, freeze, exploit, refer, block, average, be famous for, a great deal of, make use of, clear up, from time to time, tell the difference between, tell…from…,generally speaking, sound/look strange, the second largest, struggle against, all the year around, refer to, live on, settle down, breath, injure, lay, wound, safety, wherever, quantity, ought to, take it easy, first aid, muth-to-mouth, deal with, running water, out of one’s reach, hold up, throw up, stay still, give first aid, lie on one’s back, out of reach, get sb. to do sth., by mistake, pay attention to, leave her where she is.
2.句型
(1)You mean it looks strange!
(2)I’ll tell you something that does sound strange.
(3)The population of Canada is…
(4)As in China,the weather is different from area to area.
(5)I think she must be injured.
(6)Leave her where she is.
(7)Repeat this as often as necessary.
(8)Don’t reach sideways while standing on a ladder.
(9)If anyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.
3.語法
(1)學(xué)習(xí)主謂一致的用法
(2)復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動詞must和should的用法，學(xué)習(xí)ought to的用法
4.交際英語
(1)A lof of people can’t tell the difference between…
(2)Are there many differences?
(3)What do you mean by…
(4)I’m sorry, I don’t quite follow you.
(5)Do you use American or British spelling?
(6)American spellings are used more and more in Canada now.
(7)We must carry her to the side of the road.
(8)You should/ shouldn’t
(9)I ought to go home.
(10)Don’t try to get up.
二、考點精析與拓展
1.drop用法歸納
drop可用作名詞“滴”；用作不及物動詞“掉下，滴下”；用作及物動詞“使掉（滴）下”。如：
a drop of blood一滴血；drop by rop/in drops一滴一滴地；drop from the tree從樹上掉下來；drop to the ground 落在地上；drop the letter into the mailbox把信投進信箱；drop a handkerchief/stone掉下手帕/石頭
習(xí)語：drop in 順便拜訪；drop in on sb.順便走訪某人；drop in at his school順便拜訪他的學(xué)校。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①我看見一個蘋果從樹上掉下來。
I saw an apple______ _______ the tree.
②他們這樣做是搬起石頭咂自己的腳。
In doing so they are lifting a rock to _______ ________on their
feet.
③你路過的話，千萬要來。
Do _______ _______ if you happen to be passing.
Key:
①drop,from ②drop, it ③drop, in
2.average短語歸納
average 可用作名詞，表示“平均數(shù)，一般水平”，也可作形容詞，表示“平均的”。如：
the average of the pay 平均工資；above/below the average 平均以上/以下；
the average age of the girls姑娘的平均年齡；
the average temperature平均氣溫；
on(an,the)average平均起來
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①這個廠的工人平均每月收入700元。
_________ _________，one worker in this factory gets 700 yuan
every month.
②他的功課一般以上。
He is_________ _________ in his lessons.
Key: ①On, average ②above, average
3.reach sth./reach for sth.
(1)reach sth.表示“夠得著某物”，reach是及物動詞。如：reach the top of the shelf夠得著架子頂部；reach the apple on the tree夠得著樹上的蘋果。
(2)reach for sth.表示“伸手（腳）去夠某物”，其中的reach是不及物動詞。亦可替換成reach out for sth.或reach out one’s hand(foot)for sth.，意義相同。
(3)reach還可用作不及物動詞表示“延伸”。如：The woods reach as far as the river.樹林子延伸到河邊。
(4)短語：reach an agreement達成協(xié)議；
beyond/out of one’s reach夠不著，力所不及；
out of the reach of sb.某人夠不著；
within one’s reach夠得著，力所能及。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他伸手去夠樹枝，但是夠不著。
He ______ ______ the stick but could not_______it.
②你最好把吃的東西放在小孩夠得著的地方。
You’d better have the food _______the boy’s ________.
Key:①reached, for, reach
②within, reach
4.表示態(tài)度、語氣的短語歸納
generally speaking一般說來；strictly speaking嚴格說來；honestly speaking誠實地說來；personally speaking就我個人而言；exactly speaking準確地說來。to tell you the truth說實話；to be honest老實說；believe it or not信不信由你；judging from his appearance從他的相貌來說
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①嚴格說來，加拿大英語和美國英語并不完全一樣。
_______ ________,Canadian English is not just the same as
American English.
②老實說我不贊同你的想法。
_______ _______ ________,I can’t agree to your idea.
③一般地說，青年人喜歡流行音樂。
___________,young people enjoy pop music.
Key:①Strictly,speaking
②To,be,honest
③Generally, speaking
5.如何表示“不同，區(qū)別”
1)tell the difference between A and B.說出A和B的區(qū)別；辨別A和B
2)tell A from B.區(qū)別、辨別A和B
3)What’s the difference between A and B?A和B什么不同？
4)There be some differences between A and B.A和B 之間有不同之處。
5)A be different from B.A和B不同
6)make sb./sth.different from使某人/物不同于……
7)do sth. differently from…做起某事與……不同
8)make no difference無關(guān)緊要
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①我?guī)缀踔v不出這兩個單詞之間的區(qū)別。
I can hardly_____the difference________ these two words.
②綿羊和山羊有什么不同？
________ ________ ________between a sheep and a goat?
③哪一邊贏對我都不重要。
It _______ ________ ________ to me which side may win.
④你確實很富，但這并不能使你不同于別人。
You are rich indeed, but that doesn’t _________ __________ __________ ________ __________.
⑤事實和他所說的大不一樣。
The fact _______quite________ _________ what he said.
⑥你能分辯出她和她的姐姐嗎？
Can you _________ her________her sister?
Key:①tell, between
②What’s,the,difference
③makes,no, difference
④make, you,different,from,others
⑤is,different,from
⑥tell,from
6.現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞用作狀語
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，主句的主語是分詞動作的執(zhí)行者，它可以表示原因、時間、條件、方式和伴隨等；而過去分詞作狀語，主句的主語是分詞所表示動作的承受者。用作狀語的分詞一般可改換成狀語從句。例如：
①Being too old, he couldn’t walk that far.
(原因狀語，替換：Because he was too old…)
②Working in the factory, we learned a lot from the workers.
(時間狀語，替換：When we worked in…)
③Standing on the building,you can see the whole city.
(條件狀語，替換：If you stand…)
④Many trees had been blown down by the high winds, blocking
roads, paths and railway lines.
許多樹被狂風(fēng)刮倒，把大小道路、鐵路線阻塞了。
(結(jié)果狀語，替換:…and blocked roads…)
⑤One woman was lying in bed,listening to the rushing winds.
一個女人躺在床上，靜聽著疾馳而過的大風(fēng)。
(結(jié)果狀語，替換：…and she was listening…)
⑥Children usually count the numbers using their fingers.
(方式狀語，替換：…by using…)
⑦Helped by my friends, I smoothed away all the difficulties.
(原因狀語，替換：As I was helped by…)
⑧Given enough time we can improve our work.
(條件狀語，替換：If we are given…)
⑨The professor came into the classroom, followed by his assistants.
(伴隨狀語，替換：…and he was followed by…)
注意：A.分詞短語用作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。如：
誤：Seen from the space, I find the earth blue.
正：Seen from the space,the earth looks blue.
正：Seeing from the space, I find the earth blue.
B.表示時間關(guān)系的分詞短語可由while,when引出。如：
While reading the book,he nodded from time to time.
Be careful when riding a bike in the street.
C.當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時，可使用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Weather permitting,we’ll go out for a walk.
(替換：If weather permits…)
With his work done,he went to play sports.
(替換：When his work was done…)
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
①__________a reply,he decided to write again.(MET’92)
A.Not receiving B.Receiving not
C.Not having received D.Having not received
②The secretary worked late into the night,________a long speech for the president.(MET’91)
A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing③________more attention, the trees could have grown better.
(MET’90)
A.Given B.To given C.Giving D.Having given
④__________in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.(NMET’96)
A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose
Key:①C ②B ③A ④C
7.ordinary, common
二者都有“普通的，平常的”的意思，但側(cè)重點不同。ordinary側(cè)重表示“外表平凡，平平常常”；而common指“普遍存在，經(jīng)常碰到”。對比：
in ordinary dress穿著平常的衣服；
in an ordinary way以通常的方式；
an ordinary – looking man相貌平常的人；
an ordinary event平常的一件事；
common excuse常用的借口；
common knowledge常識；common people普通人，老百姓；
have a bathroom in common合用洗澡間。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①那是一首普通的舞曲。
It was a piece of______dance music.
②這種天氣在南方是很常見的。
This sort of weather is quite _________in the south.
③這弟兄兩個沒有什么共同之處。
These two brothers have nothing ________ _________.
Key:①ordinary ②common ③in common
8.freeze,freezing,frozen
freeze是動詞“結(jié)冰，凝固”；freezing可用作名詞“冰點”，用作形容詞“冰冷的”，用作副詞“極冷地”；frozen既是freeze的過去分詞形式，也可用作形容詞，表示“冷凍的”。對比：
Water freezes below freezing. 冰點以下時水結(jié)冰。
It was freezing cold that morning.那天早晨非常地冷。
The roads are frozen in places.路上多處結(jié)冰。
[應(yīng)用]英譯漢
①above/over freezing
②freezing weather
③be frozen to death
④give sb. a freezing cold
⑤freezing machine
⑥frozen meat
⑦I’m frozen,so I can’t write
⑧I’m freezing,so I’ve to put on a heavy coat.
Key:
①零度以上 ②很冷的天氣
③被凍死 ④冷冷地看某人一眼
⑤制冷機 ⑥凍肉
⑦我凍壞了，不能寫東西了。⑧我覺得冷極了，我得穿件厚大衣。
9.refer to, refer…to
1）refer 可用作及物動詞，用于refer… to,表示“將……提交給”。如：
refer this problem to the school把這個問題提交學(xué)校；
refer the matter to the United Nations.將這件事情提交聯(lián)合國
2)refer表示“談到，涉及；查閱，參考，指”時是不及物動詞，需用refer to結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
The book which you referred to is not in the library.
你所指的那本書不在圖書館。
His report refers to the situation in the Middle East.
他的報告談到中東的形勢。
短語：refer to the map/one’s notes/the dictionary
查閱地圖/參考筆記/查字典
注意：look up word in the dictionary 查字典
對比：refer to 指語言、內(nèi)容與某人（物）有關(guān)；而point to表示用手指向某人（物）。如：
I didn’t know whom she was referring to.
我不知道她指的是誰。
She pointed to the map and explained to the students.
她指著地圖給學(xué)生做出解釋。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①我在加拿大時，一位朋友經(jīng)常提起白求恩大夫。
A friend of mine often ______ _______ Dr.Bethune when I was in
Canada.
②兩國把這件事提交給了聯(lián)合國。
The two countries. _______the matter _______the United Nations.
Key:①referred,to ②referred,to
10.clear
(1)用作形容詞，表示“清楚的，明白的”。如：
in a clear voice以清楚的聲音；
be clear about sth.對……清楚，明白；
be clear to sb.對某人來說很清楚；
make one’s meaning clear 說明自己的意思；
注意兩個句型：A：make it clear that…聲明，說明；B.It’s (was)clear that…很明顯（清楚）……。
（2）用作動詞，表示“清除，清理，使干凈”。如：
clear one’s room/a table/a street/the desk
整理房間/收拾桌子/清掃大街/整理書桌；
clear away the dishes/waste把餐碟收走/把垃圾清除
（3）clear up 的三個意義：
A.表示“清理，收拾，解決”。如：
The dustmen were busy clearing up the snow on the road.
清潔工正在清除路上的積雪。
This book has cleared up many problems for me.
這本書給我解決了許多難題。
B．表示“（天氣）轉(zhuǎn)晴”。如：
It’s snowing now, but I think it will clear up soon.
現(xiàn)在正在下雨，但是我想天氣很快會晴的。
C．表示“露出喜悅的心情”。如：
Her face cleared up as she read the letter.
她看信的時候面露喜色。
［應(yīng)用］完成句子
①她對下一步干什么十分清楚。
She is _________ _________what to do next.
②很清楚敵人是不會放棄他們的計劃的。
________ _______ _______that the enemy wouldn’t give up their
plan.
③他明確表示他要離職。
He _________ _________ ________that he would leave office.
④在離開辦公室以前，請把你的桌子整理一下。
_________ ________your desk before you leave the office.
Key:①clear,about ②It, is, clear
③make , it clear ④Clear,up
11.on+身體部位
lay the person on one’s back讓這個人仰臥著；
lie on one’s back/stomach/side仰臥/趴著/側(cè)著身躺著；
sleep on one’s side 側(cè)身睡；
stand on one foot 一條腳站著；
stand on one’s head倒立
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①她趴在床上，哭個不停。
She ______ _______ ______ ______in the bed,crying all the while
②你想倒立幾個小時是很不容易的。
It’s difficult for you to _____ ______ ______ ______ for several hours.
Key:①lay, on, her, stomach
②stand,on, your,head
12.deal with,do with
1)二者都可表示“對付，應(yīng)付，處理，安排”，但deal是不及物動詞，可與how連用；而do是及物動詞，只與what連用表示上述意義，不能單獨使用。對比：We don’t know what to do with the waste materials./We don’t know how to deal with the waste materials.
我們不知道怎樣處理這此廢料。
What’s the best way of dealing with thieves?
對付小偷最好的辦法是什么？
（此句中的deal with不可替換成do with）
2)deal with還可表示“論述，涉及到；與……相處”等意義，而do with 無此用法。如：
The books dealing with Asian problems sell well in colleges.
論述亞洲問題的書在大學(xué)里很暢銷。
That man is easy to deal with.這個人容易相處。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①你是怎么處理這類事情的？
_________did you deal with matters of this sort?
What did you ________ _________matters of this sort?
②我們要處理的棘手事太多了。
There are too many difficulties for us to _________ ______.
Key:①How/ do,with ②deal, with
13.still
1) 用作形容詞，意為“靜止的，不動的，平靜的”。
如：keep(stay) still保持不動；lie(stand)still躺著（站著）不
動；a still lake/evening 平靜的湖/寂靜的夜晚。
2)用作副詞，表示“還，仍舊”，可以修飾形容詞、副詞比較組。如：
be still busy仍然很忙;win still greater success取得更大成功。
3)辨析still,quiet,silent;still側(cè)重“一動不動”，quiet指“安靜”，無動作，無聲音，無騷亂，其反義詞是noisy（吵鬧的、喧嘩的）；silent指不出聲，不說話。對比：sit still坐著不動；Be quiet,and the class will begin.請安靜，馬上就要開始上課了。
Hearing the answer,be was silent for a minute or more.聽了回答之后，他沉默了一兩分鐘。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他個子高，他哥哥更高。
He is tall,but his brother is _________ _________.
②我已經(jīng)考慮了幾個小時，但仍然不能決定。
I have been thinking for hours, but I ______can’t decide.
Key:①still, talker ②still
14.hurt,wound
二者都有“受傷”之意，但含義有所不同。
Wound指外傷，如槍傷、刀傷、劍傷等，尤指戰(zhàn)爭、戰(zhàn)斗中受傷。而hurt既指肉體上的也指精神上的傷害，含強烈疼痛意味。如：
be badly wounded in the battle 戰(zhàn)斗中受重傷；
wound sb.to death 使某人受傷致死；
hurt one’s back摔傷了后背；hurt one’s feeling傷害某人的感情；be hurt by his words被他的話所傷害。
注意：A.wound可用作名詞：
have a wound in the chest胸部受傷；
receive a serious wound受重傷；the wounded傷員。
B.hurt還可用作不及物動詞，表示“疼痛難受”對比：
The girl fell off her bike. She hurt one of her legs hurts.
姑娘從自行車上掉下來，有一條腿疼得厲害。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①這位戰(zhàn)士頭部受了傷.
The soldier ______ ______ _____in his head./The soldier ______
_______in the head./The soldier head ______ ______.
②他們說我的那些話使我很傷心。
I was rather__________by what they said about me.
③我右腿疼。
My right foot ________.
④他的傷似乎是很重。
It seemed that he _________badly_________.
Key:①received,a, would/was, wounded/was wounded
②hurt ③hurts ④was, hurt/wounded
15.happen句型歸納
(1)happen to do sth.(主語常為“人”)，意為“碰巧。恰好”。to 后可用不定式的一般式to do,完成式to have done進行式to be doing如：
You happened to be out when I came to your house.
我到你家時，你正好出去了。
She happened to have just finished reading the book.
碰巧她剛剛讀完那本書。
The two salesmen happened to be quarrelling when the manager entered.
經(jīng)理進去時兩個售貨員碰巧在吵架。
(2)It(so)happen that…“（如此）碰巧，恰好”。如：
It happens that he is a teacher of English.
恰好他是位英語老師。
It so happened that he was going that way too.
如此碰巧的是他也往那邊走。
注意：句型1）和2）可互換，如：
I happened to have no money with me./It happened that I had no money with me.
我碰巧身上沒帶錢。
(3)happen to sb./sth. “某人/物出事，發(fā)生了……情況”。
如：What has happened to your hand?你的手怎么了？
Be careful not to let anything happen to that child.
小心別讓那個孩子出任何事。
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
①-We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.(MET’91)
-What do you suppose __________to her?
A.was happening B.to happen
C.has happened D.having happened
②They happened to _______for Tianjin when we got there.(MET’)
A.leave B.have left C.leaving D.had left
③If anything __________you,let me know.
A.is happened to B.is happening
C.happens on D.happens to
Key:①C ②B ③D
16.幾個易混的否定形式的情態(tài)動詞
①mustn’t/must not表示禁止，意為“不準，不能”。如:
We mustn’t waste time when we are young.
年輕時我們決不能浪費時間。
②needn’t/need not表示沒必要，意為“不必”，相當(dāng)于don ’t have
to如：
You needn’t worry about your son’s health. He is well looked
after.
你不必擔(dān)心孩子的健康，他被照顧得很好。
It’s early;you don’t have to hurry,還早，你不必匆忙。
③can’t/can not表示否定猜測“不可能，不會”或表示能力上達不
到。如：
He can’t be in the library.
他不可能在圖書室里。
She can’t swim,can she?
她不會游泳，是嗎？
④may not表示否定猜測“可能不，或許不”。如：
He may not be at home at this time of the day.
這個時候他有可能不在家。
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
①You_______return the book now. You can keep it till next
week if you like.(MET‘88)
A.can’t B.mustn’t
C.needn’t D.may not
②A computer ______think for itself;it must be told what to do.
(MET’91)
A.can’t B.couldn’t
C.may not D.might not
③Johnny,you _________play with the knife;you _______hurt
yourself.(MET’96)
A.won’t ,can’t B.mustn’t,may
C.shouldn’t, must D.can’t,shouldn’t
Key:①C ②A ③B
17.breathe,breath
1)breathe是動詞，可及物也可不及物。如：
breathe hard 費力地呼吸；
breathe into one’s mouth向某人嘴里吹氣；
breathe dust/fresh air吸進灰塵/呼吸新鮮空氣；
start one’s breathing讓某人呼吸起來。
2）breath是名詞。如：
take a deep breath深吸一口氣；
take breath喘口氣；休息一下；
hold one’s breath屏住氣；
lose one’s breath喘不過氣來；
out of breath 上氣不接下氣，氣喘吁吁；
注意：out of sight 看不見；out of order出故障；out of question沒問題；out of control失去控制；out of danger脫離危險；out of work失業(yè)
18.mistake短語歸納
1)用作名詞：by mistake由于差錯；make mistakes 出錯；make no mistake沒出錯；correct one’s mistake改正錯誤；recognize one’s mistake承認錯誤；make mistake about sb./sth.誤會（解）某人/事
2)用作動詞：mistake one’s meaning誤解某人的意思；mistake sb./sth.for錯當(dāng)成，誤以為是……；be mistaken 弄錯，錯誤的。
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
題1 （上海 2001）
Time will _________ whether I made the right choice or not.
A.seee B.say C.know D.tell
分析：D。tell意為“辨別”。
題2 （NMET 1998）
They ___________the train until it disappeared in the distance
A.saw B.watched C.noticed D.observed
分析：B。題干中until it disappeared in the distance 表明“他們在注視著火車，直到它在視野中消失�！眘ee(be able to use your eyes to look at things and know what they are);watch (look at and pay attention to something that is happening;);notice(see,hear,or feel something);observe(see and notice sth.)從上面內(nèi)容可知答案為B。
題3 （上海 1994）
Either you or the headmaster__________the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.
A.is handing out B.are to hand out
C.are handing out D.is to hand out
分析：D。句中表按預(yù)定的計劃做某事，而hand out 不是表示“出發(fā)、動身”等意的瞬間動詞，因此不能用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來時，不能選A或C。另外either…or + 主語 + v.結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與靠近的主語一致。
題4 （上海 2002）
It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I __________in love,at the age of seven,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A.wouldn’t have fallen B.had not fallen
C.should fall D.were to fall
分析：B。虛擬語氣。
題5 （MET 1992）
We _________last night,but we went to the concert instead.
A.must have studied B.might sutdy
C.should have studied D.would study
分析：C。從but一詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折來看，前句應(yīng)與后句相反，所以前句應(yīng)為“過去本應(yīng)做的事，而未做�！�
題6 （NMET 1995）
It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ___________be here at any moment.
A.must B.meed C.should D.can
分析：C。題干中有be expected to，或具有一種對現(xiàn)在的推測意味，可用should.
題7 （NMET 1994）
I told Sally how to get there,but perhaps I________for her.
A.had to write it out B.must have written it out
C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out
分析：C。此題表示“過去本應(yīng)該做而未做”。
題8 （NMET 1998）
-When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
-They ________be ready by 12:00.
A.can B.should C.might D.need
分析：B。此題表示對未來情況的推測意味。