高中英語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)專題訓練題
【網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建】
動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)是兩個非常重要的語法范疇，構(gòu)成了英語語法的基本框架。因此時態(tài)與語態(tài)也是高考中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的語法項目。英語有十六種時態(tài)，但�？嫉闹饕幸话悻F(xiàn)在時、一般將來時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、過去將來時及完成進行時等。語態(tài)一般不單獨設(shè)題，通常結(jié)合時態(tài)進行綜合考查。
（一）時態(tài)概念
時態(tài)是謂語動詞所表示的動作或情況發(fā)生的時間的各種形式。英語中有十六種動詞時態(tài)形式，但常見的有九種，見下表：
時態(tài)名稱 表示
時間 表達的意義 例 句
一
般
現(xiàn)在
時
現(xiàn)
在 習慣于或經(jīng)常性動作 Class begins at eight every morning .
狀況 He looks very pale .
瞬間動作 There comes the school bus .
過
去 描述過去的事實，以求描述的生動性 The river rises higher and higher , breaks the banks and fills all low places .
將
來 固定不變或不易變的動作或狀態(tài) Tomorrow is Sunday .
（在時間或條件從句中）表示將來的動作或狀態(tài) When he arrives ,we’ll go out to meet him .
It will be 3 hours before I come back .
不受時間限制的動作或狀態(tài) The sun rises in the east .
Practice makes perfect.
一
般
過
去
時
過
去 某時（或某段時間內(nèi)）的動作 He traveled in France last year.
狀態(tài) He was in Shenzheng some years ago .
習慣動作 When I was at college , I wrote home once a month.
先后一連串動作 He went to town ,bought some books and visited his daughter.
現(xiàn)在或?qū)?非真實的動作或狀態(tài)，屬虛擬語氣范疇 It’s time we had supper.
If he arrived tomorrow , I should meet him at the airport.
一
般
將
來
時
將
來 某個時刻（或某段時間內(nèi)）將要發(fā)生的動作，更多地用于帶有條件從句的主句中 He will come next week . I’ll ask her as soon as she comes.
狀態(tài) Your dress will be ready soon.
現(xiàn)
在 預(yù)測現(xiàn)在某事可能要發(fā)生了 It’s ten o’clock . Mary will be in bed by now.
現(xiàn)在的習慣 A lion will never attack an elephant .
現(xiàn)在的需要 Shall I help you ?
對將來的事情現(xiàn)在作出決定 ---Which shirt do you want ?
---I’ll take the red one, please.
現(xiàn)
在
進
行
時
現(xiàn)
在 某時（或某段時間內(nèi)）正在進行的動作 He is writing a letter now. She is visiting Shanghai this week .
婉轉(zhuǎn)口氣 I’m hoping to hear from you soon.
帶有感情色彩的敘述 The boy is always talking in class.
將
來 按計劃一般不易變更的動作 The train is leaving at 11:00 p.m..
（在時間或條件從句中）表示將來的動作 When you are cycling along the street , don’t’ forget the traffic light.
過去進行時
過
去 某時（或時間段內(nèi)）進行的動作 I was doing my homework this time last night.
故事發(fā)生的背景 The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.
帶有感情色彩的敘述 He was making trouble all the time .
過去說話前不久的動作 I was telling him his mother was ill .
婉轉(zhuǎn)口氣 I was hoping you could help me.
過去將來時
過去 間接引用某人過去的話和想法 He warned us that the journey would be dangerous .
習慣性動作 At dusk , these old ladies would sit in rocking chairs and talk.
現(xiàn)
在 非真實的動作或狀態(tài) If I were you , I would study French .
客氣的請求 Would you mind helping me ?
愿望 I would like a cup of tea.
現(xiàn)
在
完
成
時
完
成
用
法 現(xiàn)在時間前完成的動作留下的結(jié)果或影響 He has turned off the light .
I have been to Japan .
現(xiàn)在時間前已做的動作 He is reading the book that he has bought recently .
（在時間或條件從句中）表示在將來某個時間前先要做完的動作 I’ll return the book to you as soon as I have finished it .
未完成用法
直到現(xiàn)在為止尚未完成的動作 He has lived in Wuhan since last summer.
過
去
完
成
時 完成用法 過去某一時刻或某一事件前完成的動作或狀態(tài) By the end of last term we had learned 3000 English words.
未完成用法 過去某一時刻或某一事件前已發(fā)生但未完成的動作 By December last year , he had worked in Beijing for five years .
其他用法
表示非真實的,想象的過去動作或狀態(tài) I wish I had told him about it . If she had worked harder , she would have succeeded.
They had meant to see me off at the airport , but they got there too late.
（二） 時態(tài)的運用
1．現(xiàn)在時等表示將來時
【重點提示】 用現(xiàn)在時表示將來時往往出現(xiàn)在以下狀語從句中：if , unless , even if 等引導的條件狀語從句；when , before ; after ; once ; until ; till ; as soon as ; (the moment ;immediately )等引導的時間狀語從句；no matter what/ who/ which/ when/ where/ how 或whatever/ whoever/ whenever/ wherever/ however/ whichever引導的讓步狀語從句。
在上述從句中如果主句是將來時（往往出現(xiàn)will , shall , can , must 等情態(tài)動詞或祈使句），從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時。如：
I’ll not go to his birthday party unless I’m invited.
Tell him the news as soon as he comes back .
有時這個時態(tài)表示按計劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動作（句中帶有時間狀語），但限于少數(shù)動詞如begin , come , leave, go arrive , start , stop , return , open , close等。如：
The meeting begins at seven .
The train starts at nine in the morning .
當主句是過去將來時，用一般過去時表示過去將來時。如：
He said he would go for a holiday when he finished his work.
上述從句中還用現(xiàn)在完成時表示將來完成時，此時強調(diào)從句動作在主句之前發(fā)生。如：
You can’t go out until you have finished your homework .(先完成作業(yè)再出去玩。)
2．過去時在語境中的運用
【重點提示】在沒有明確時間狀語的情況下，考生對過去時的判定往往會失誤，原因是只憑漢語直譯而不看語境。語境中的過去時往往表示“剛才、剛剛”之意，暗示現(xiàn)在已“不再這樣”。如：
I never thought he would do that .
3.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時
【重點提示】考生很容易將現(xiàn)在完成時誤用為一般過去時，原因是沒有深刻領(lǐng)會“現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響”這句話的含義。一般過去時僅僅說明動作在過去，不強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。如：
---Where have you put the recorder? I can’t find it anywhere!
---I put it right here , but now it’s gone .
問句用現(xiàn)在完成時，表明說話者在找錄音機，希望對方告訴他錄音機在哪里。而答語用過去時，因為“錄音機已經(jīng)不見了”�！皠偛拧卑唁浺魴C放這兒與“現(xiàn)在不見了”沒有直接關(guān)系。
4．某些固定的句式中的時態(tài)
【重點提示】在某些固定的句式中，其時態(tài)是固定的、約定俗成的。
1） This / It is / will be the first / second ---time +that 從句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時，若主句be動詞用was ,則that 從句用過去完成時。如：
This is the first time I have come here.
It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.
2） It is / has been + 一段時間+since 從句。Since 從句中一般用過去時，如果將前邊的is 改成was ，則since 從句中用過去完成時。如：
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time .
3) be about to do ---when ---意為“即將------（這時）突然------”。如：
I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.
4) be (was / were ) doing--- when ---意為“正在干------（這時）突然------”。如：
They were playing football when Jack shouted in pain .
5) Hardly had ---done ---when--- ; No sooner had --- done ---than---
when 和than 從句里也用過去時，表示“剛剛------就------”。如：
Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down .
No sooner had the villagers left the burning building than it fell down into pieces .
6) It + be +一段時間+before 從句
該句式分兩種情況：若主句用將來時，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來時，意為多長時間以后即將發(fā)生某事；若主句用過去時，從句也用過去時，意為多長時間后發(fā)生了某事。如：
It wont’ be long before he succeeds.(=He will soon succeed.)
It was ten years before they met again .(=They met again ten years later.)
5.現(xiàn)在完成進行時
【重點提示】 現(xiàn)在完成進行時主要表示動作開始于過去某時，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，當然中間動作有時并非無停頓。事實上現(xiàn)在完成進行時除了表示動作“已完成”的概念外，也可以表示動作“未完成”概念，一般可換用，但口語中更傾向于用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。如：
He has taught English for 10 years.
也可說成: He has been teaching English for 10 years .
下列最好用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，因為帶有一定的感情色彩。如：
Where have you been ? I’ve been telephoning you the whole morning !
He’s been talking to me since this morning .
6.非延續(xù)性（終止性）動詞怎樣表示一段時間
【重點提示】 非延續(xù)性動詞有mary , die , close , arrive , post , come , fall , leave, go , break , give , join , jump , receive, buy , borrow , become , start , begin , graduate等。這些非延續(xù)性動詞如果用于現(xiàn)在完成時，不能與表示一段時間的時間狀語for ---, since ---連用。如：
可以說：I have bought an Audi car.
不可以說：I have bought an Audi car for a year.
如果要表示一段時間，句中不能用終止性動詞，一定要用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞。如：
I have had an Audi car for a year.
也可以用以下方式：
I bought an Audi car a year ago .
It’s / has been a year since I bought an Audi car.
二、 語態(tài)
當句子的主語是動作的承受者時，謂語要用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由be動詞+動詞過去分詞構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過be 的變化形式來體現(xiàn)。如：
The bridge is being built now .
He was asked a lot of questions at the meeting .
動詞say , believe , report , announce , suppose ,know ,consider ,hope 等以it 作主語時用被動語態(tài)，后面接that 從句。如：
It is said that our football team has won the game .
【重點提示】 英語中有時用主動形式表示被動含義，主要有以下三種情況：謂語動詞、非謂語動詞和介詞短語。
(一) 用謂語動詞的形式表示被動含義
1． 表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞look , sound , feel ,smell , taste , prove, appear+形容詞/ 名詞構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
The steel feels cold.
His plan proved (to be )practical .
2.表示“開始”、“結(jié)束”、“運動”的動詞，如begin , finish , start , open , close , stop , end , shut , run, move.
Work began at 7 o’clock this morning .
The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day .
3.表示主語的某種屬性特征的動詞，如read, write ,act , sell , wash , clean ,open , cook,lock ,shut ,dry ,eat , drink.這類動詞一般不單獨使用，常加上一個修飾語。如：
This coat dries easily .
The pen writes smoothly.
4.少數(shù)動詞用于進行時，其主動形式表示被動含義。如 ：print , build , cook , fry , hang ,make .
The books are printing .
（二）用非謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動含義
1. want , need , require 作“需要”講時，后用動名詞的主動形式表被動含義，這時動名詞同句子的主語之間在邏輯上有動賓關(guān)系。如：
The house needs / wants / requires repairing .
2. 形容詞worth 后用動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義
This problem is well worth considering .
The close game is worth watching .
3. 不定式在某些形容詞（difficult ,easy ,hard ,comfortable , pleasant , fit ,unfit , light , heavy ,good , safe ,dangerous ）后作狀語且和句子的主語（或賓語）構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時，用主動形式表示被動含義，這是因為人們往往認為形容詞后省去了for sb. 如：
The question is difficult (for me )to understand .
She is easy (for people )to get along with .
4. 不定式作名詞的后置定語，與被修飾的名詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，又和該句的主語后賓語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，不定式常用主動式表被動含義。如：
I have a lot of work to do this evening .
5. 在there be 句型中修飾主語的動詞不定式用主動形式和被動形式皆可。在口語中多用主動形式。如：
There are many things to do / be done .
6. 不定式to let , to blame 等表示被動意義。如：
The car is to let. (汽車出租。)
（三） 介詞in , on , under 等+n. 構(gòu)成的介詞短語表示被動意義
The house facing the lake is in the possession of John.
=The house facing the lake is possessed by John.
The question is under discussion .=The question is being discussed .
【命題趨勢】
歷年來高考中時態(tài)題一般要求考生能夠根據(jù)上下文捕捉和體會動作發(fā)生的時間信息，充分注意題干中語境，準確判斷時態(tài)，弄清句子主語和謂語之間的主動關(guān)系和被動關(guān)系；熟練掌握英語動詞的各種時態(tài)，并側(cè)重區(qū)別一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時、一般過去時與過去完成時的用法。一般來說考進行時和完成時的頻率更高一點。語態(tài)一般很少單獨設(shè)題，往往穿插在時態(tài)中進行綜合考查，要求考生掌握各種時態(tài)的被動形式尤其是現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)和過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。
【點擊真題】
【例1】---Sorry to have interrupted you . Please go on .
---Where was I ?
--- You ____ you didn’t like your father’s job. (2004北京春)
A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying
【答案】 C。
【點撥】本題考查過去進行時與過去時及過去完成時的區(qū)別。
【解析】本題是一組對話。第二句意為“我剛才講到哪里了？”對方回答說“你剛才正講到你不喜歡你父親的工作那個地方�！睉�(yīng)該指剛才正講到------，所以用過去進行時，選C。
【例2】 How can you possibly miss the news ?It ____ on TV all day long .
has been B. had been C. was D. will be (2004北京春)
【答案】A.
【點撥】本題考查時態(tài)用法。
【解析】從句意來看，“你怎么可能會沒聽到這個消息呢？電視上整天在播放該消息�！� 而且句中all day long 表示該動作或狀態(tài)一直在進行，因此應(yīng)該用完成時態(tài)。
【例3】All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor , her nervousness ___.
A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown (NMET2003)
【答案】C.
【點撥】本題考查時態(tài)用法。
【解析】 先排除A、B兩項，因為從從句看，說的是過去的事，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)；再排除D項，因為“她”不可能在等候醫(yī)學報告之前就增加了緊張感了。故應(yīng)選C表明“等候”與“增長”兩個動作都在過去同時發(fā)生。
【例4】At this time tomorrow ____ over the Atlantic .
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly (2003北京)
【答案】B。
【點撥】本題考查將來進行時shall (will )be +現(xiàn)在分詞的用法。
【解析】shall (will )be +現(xiàn)在分詞的用法可表示“純粹的將來”，說話者僅陳述一個事實�；虮硎灸撤N可能的推測，有“我料想，我估計”的含義。本題中的時間狀語at this time tomorrow很明顯是個將來進行時，故選B。
【例5】---____ David and Vicky ____ married ?
---For about three years.
A. How long were; being B. How long have ; got
C. How long have ; been D. How long did ; get （2003北京）
【答案】C.
【點撥】本題考查1.延續(xù)性動詞的用法.2.動詞短語be married ,get married 的區(qū)別.
【解析】 根據(jù)回答 “For about three years .”可知應(yīng)提問兩人結(jié)婚(到現(xiàn)在)已多久了,須用現(xiàn)在完成時,排除A、D兩項；再排除B項，get married 當作非延續(xù)性動詞使用，不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用，不能用How long 來提問。Be married 表示延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，是延續(xù)性動詞。
【例6】 The news came as no surprise to me .I ____ for some time that the factory was going to shut down . （2003北京）
A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know
【答案】A.
【點撥】本題考查動詞時態(tài)的用法知識。
【解析】本題的第一句是關(guān)鍵“對于那消息我不感到驚訝”，原因就是在這之前已經(jīng)知道了內(nèi)容。第一句用了一般過去時，在一過去動作之前的事情，應(yīng)選過去完成時。
【例7】 I ____ ping-pang quite well , but I haven’t had time to play since the new year .
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play (NMET2001)
【答案】D。
【點撥】該題考查動詞時態(tài)。
【解析】But 后的并列分句用在現(xiàn)在完成時的否定表示到現(xiàn)在為止未完成的動作，由此可推斷出一個并列分句表示的是經(jīng)常性的或習慣性的動作，須用一般現(xiàn)在時，故答案為D。
【例8】 I arrived late ; I ____ the road to be so icy. (2004北京春)
A. wouldn’t expect B. haven’t expected
C. hadn’t expected D. wasn’t expecting
【答案】C。
【點撥】本題考查的是時態(tài)用法。
【解析】本題由兩個分句組成。前一個分句用一般過去時。后一個分句中的動詞expect 實際上是發(fā)生在前一個分句中動詞arrived之前，指在此之前沒有料到路面會那么的滑。因此應(yīng)該用過去完成時。故答案選C。
【例9】Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ___ so rapidly . (NMET2001)
A. is changing B. had changed C. will have changed D. will change
【答案】A.
【點撥】本題考查動詞的時態(tài)用法。
【解析】題干為一個含有原因狀語動句的主從復(fù)合句，主句陳述的情況是一客觀事實，原因狀語從句強調(diào)一直正在進行的動作，故答案為A。又如：
Don’t turn off the light because I am reading a report now.
【例10】Come and see me whenever _____.
A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient
B. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you (2003北京)
【答案】C。
【點撥】本題考查1.whenever “任何時間”引導的時間狀語從句2.convenient 一詞的用法.
【解析】 1.先排除B、D兩項，因為狀語從句中一般將來時需用一般現(xiàn)在時代替。2.convenient “方便的,合適的”,be convenient to sb.(對某人來說)如果方便的話.排除A 項.
【拓展演練】
【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)題】
1.---You’re drinking too much .
--- Only at home .No one ___ me but you .
A. is seeing B. had seen C. saw D. sees
2.---Look at the terrible situation I am in ! If only I ____ your advice .
--- Don’t worry . Try again .
A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed
3.The telephone ____ three times in the last hour , and each time it ____ for my father.
A. had rung ; was B. has rung ; was C. rang ; has been D. has been ringing ; is
4.---John took a photograph of you just now.
--- Really ? What a pity ! I ____ .
A. didn’t look B. wasn’t looking C. hadn’t looked D. haven’t looked
5. After the class , the students went out of the classroom one by one , but only Mary___.
A. left B. had left C. was leaving D. was left
6. The 2000 Olympic Games ____ in Sydney , a city of Australia.
A. were taken place B. was held C. were held D. had been held
7.The teacher told his students that they ____ to be useful men to the country .
A. were all expected B. were all expecting C. all were expected D. all expected
8.--- You’ve agreed to go , but why aren’t you getting ready ?
--- But I ____ that you ___ me to start at once .
A. don’t realize ; want B. don’t realize ; wanted
C. didn’t realize ; wanted D. haven’t realized ; want
9.Will these flowers be watered _____?
A. every few days B. after hours C. within a few hours D. the other day
10.Nobody knew when the fire ____ , but they knew it ____ the next morning .
A. broke out , was put out B. was broken out ; was put out
C. broke out ; put out D. was broken out ; went out
11.I have no idea what ____ while I was asleep .
A. has happened B. was happened C. happened D. had happened
12.---Look !Somebody has broken a glass.
--- Well , it ____ me . I ___ that .
A. wasn’t ; didn’t do B. isn’t ; haven’t done C. wasn’t ; hadn’t done D. isn’t ; didn’t do
13.The thief ____ when he was stealing a wallet from a woman .
A. happened to notice B. was taken place to notice
C. was happened to be noticed D. happened to be noticed
14.---Do you know anyone in Paris ?
--- No , I’ll make friends once ____.
A. I’m settled B. I have settled C. I’ll be settled D. I’m settling
15.---Come on , Shella . I want to show you something .
--- Oh, how nice of you . I ____ you ____ to bring me a gift.
A. didn’t think ; were going B. never think ; are going
C. never thought ; were going D. hadn’t thought ; were going
16.It will be a long time ___ Frank ____ back from abroad .
A. before ; comes B .since ; has come C. when ; has come D. after ; came
17.---I’ve heard Bob ____ from his journey to Africa .
--- What about visiting him tonight ?
A. had come back B. coming back C. come back D. is back
18.Unfortunately when I arrived she ____ , so we only had time for a few words .
A. just left B. has just left C. was just leaving D. had just left
19.---How do you usually go to work ?
--- If it is fine , I ___ on foot .
A. will go B. go C. have gone D. won’t go
20.He ___ and was made to repeat it .
A. didn’t understand B. didn’t be understood C. wasn’t understand D. wasn’t understood
21.The pupils here ____ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.
A. kept busy doing B. keep on doing
C. have kept busy doing D. have been kept busy doing
22.---What were you doing when Tom came to see you ?
--- I____ on my coat and ____ .
a) have just put ; leaving B. was put ; was left
C. had just put ; was leaving D. was putting ; left
23.---You haven’t said a word about my new coat , Brenda . Do you like it ?
--- I’m sorry I ___ anything about it sooner . I certainly think it is pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say
24.---I am sorry ,but I shouldn’t have been so rude to you .
--- You ____ your temper but that’s OK.
A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing
25.---Is Tom still smoking ?
--- No, by next Saturday he ___ for a while month without smoking a single cigarette.
A. will go B. has gone C. will have gone D. has been going
26.---What were you up to when your mother came in ?
--- I ___ for a while and ____ some reading .
A. was playing ; was going to B. played ; did
C. had played ; was going to D. had played ; did
27.---____ you ___ the editor at the airport ?
--- No , he ___ away before my arrival .
A. Have ; met ; has driven B. Had ; met ; was driven
C. Did ; meet ; had been driven D. Have ; met ; had driven
28.---What’s the matter ?
--- The shoes don’t fit properly .They ___ my feet.
A. are hurting B. will hurt C. have hurt D. are hurt
29.--- ___ Betty this morning ?
--- Not yet , but she is sure to be here before noon .
A. Have you seen B. Will you see C. Do you see D. Did you see
30.---Alice came back home the day before yesterday .
---Really ? Where _____?
A. has she been B. had she been C. has she gone D. had she gone
【能力提高題】
1.I can guess you were in a hurry .You ____ your sweater inside out .
A. had wear B. were C. were wearing D. are wearing
2.I really don’t’ think Rosemary will be upset , but I will go and see her in case she ___ .
A. is B. does C. will be D. has been
3.My money _. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand .
A. has run out B. is running out C. has been run out D. is being run out
4.Until then , I ___ for him for five hours in his office.
A. waited B. was waiting C. have been waiting D. had been waiting
5.The foreign friends you referred to ____ looking forward to ____ around our university .
A. are ; being shown B. being ; being shown C. being ; showing D. are ; be shown
6.The door ____ . Better send for a workman to repair it .
A. isn’t open B. isn’t be opened C. hasn’t been opened D. won’t open
7. I don’t mind ____ alone , but I want a good book ____ .
A. leaving ;reading B. being left ; to read C. to be left ; to be read D. being left ; to be read
8.The shop assistant promised me that the material ____, and what she said ___ to be true .
A. would be dried easily ; was proved B. will be dried easily ; was proved
C. dried easily ; proved D. dried easy ; proved
9.---Sorry , I ___ to post the letter for you .
--- Never mind . ____ it myself after school.
A. forget ; I’d rather post B. forgot ; I’m going to post
C. forgot ; I’ll post D. forget ; I’d better post
10.---What happened to the postman ?
--- I don’t know . He ____ around here for a long time .
A. hasn’t seen B. didn’t see C. wasn’t seen D. hasn’t been seen
11.---Did you write to Mary last month ?
--- No , but I’ll ___ her over Christmas Day .
A. be seen B. be seeing C. have seen D. have been seeing
12.They said good-bye , little knowing that they ____ again.
A. were never met B. will never meet C. never met D. were never to meet
13.---Don’t you know I make the decision here ?
--- ____, not until you ____ me .
A. Yes , have told B. No , have told C. Yes , tell D. No , are telling
14.It won’t be long before such a thing ____ again .
A. will happen B. happens C. is happened D. happened
15.The boy whom you lent the bike to ___ by a car.
A. hit B. be hit C. having been hit D. was hit
16.By the time the speaker entered the hall , all the listeners ____ .
A. had seated B. were seated C. seated D. were seating
17.We can not use the bridge now , because it ___ .
A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired
18.The room ___ cool in summer and warm in winter.
A. is being felt B. is felt C. feels D. has been felt
19.In warm weather fruit and meat ____ long .
A. don’t keep B. can not be kept C. are not kept D. are not keeping
20.It’s the third time you ___ late for school this week .
A. have been B. had been C. are D. were
21. Once you ___ used to the weather here , you ____ this place.
A. had got ; probably liked B. will get ; probably like
C. get ; probably liked D. get ; will probably like
22.They ____ for long when a message came .
A. had drunk B. drunk C. had not drunk D. were drinking
23.Perhaps ____ several years ____ back from abroad .
A. Tom is ; that he comes B. it is ; before Tom will come
C. he will be ; when Tom comes D. it will be ; before Tom comes
24.---Well , here I am at last .
--- Good ! I ___ worried ___ you couldn’t be back on time .
A. got ; about that B. was ; that C. am ; whether D. am ; why
25.--- Have you posted my letter?
--- Sorry , I ___ all about it .
A. had forgotten B. will forget C. forgot D. forget
26.---Jim has been in hospital .
---Oh, really ? I ___ . ____ visit her .
A. didn’t know ; I’ll go and B. don’t know ; I have intended to
C. don’t know ; I intended to D. haven’t known ; I was going to
27.It was twelve o’clock ___ they finished the work .
A . since B. at which C. that D. when
28.---Where ___ the map ?
--- I ___ it right here .
A. did you put ; have put B. have you put ; put
C. had you put ; was putting D. were you putting ; have put
29.---Where do you think ___ he ___ the computer ?
--- Sorry . I have no idea.
A. has ; brought B. / ; bought C. did ; buy D. had ; bought
30.---Are you a visitor here ?
--- That’s right . I ___ round the world and now my dream of coming to China ___ true .
A. have traveled ; has come B. was traveling; had been come
C. am traveling ; has come D. have traveled ; has been come
【高考沖刺題】
1. I didn’t like Aunt Lucy , who _____ without warning and bringing us presents .
A. always turns up B. has always turned up C. was turned up D. was always turning up
2.--- Did he notice you enter the room ?
--- I don’t think so . He ______ to the radio with his eyes shut .
A. listened B. was listening C. has listened D. had listened
3. --- Would you like to visit the temple ?
---- If I _______ a week off.
A. will have B. had C. have had D. would have
4.---Look !How long _________ like this ?
--- Three weeks ! It’s usual here that rain ________ without stopping these days at sea.
A .has it rained ; pours B. has it been raining ; pours
C. is it raining ; is pouring D. does it rain ; pours
5. I ____ to help you but I was not able to spare any time .I ____ a paper last night and I’ll finish it tonight .
A. wanted ;have been writing B. have wanted ; wrote
C. had wanted ; wrote D. had wanted ; was writing
6. The price ______ , but I doubt whether it will remain so .
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down
7.In this experiment , they are woken up several times during the night , and asked to report what they _________ .
A. had just been dreaming B. are just dreaming C. have just been dreaming D. had just dreamt
8. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _____ the cloth _____ well .
A. have told ; washes B. have been told ; washes C. was told ; washed D. have been told ; is washed
9. The car ran down the hill , and the driver __, according to the newspaper , to have been killed.
A. said B. was saying C. was said D. had been said
10.---Was that the first time _____ you ___ England’s coast .
--- Yes . It was .
A. ./ ; left B. when ; have left C. when ; had left D. / had left
11. I should have written to you earlier , but _____ rather busy recently .
A. I’ve been B. I’d been C. I’m being D. I were
12. He will phone ____ he ______ his work .
A. for the moment ; sets about B. the moment ; sets about
C. the moment ; will set about D. for the moment ; will set about
13.---Kate returned home yesterday .
--- Really ? Where ____?
A. has she been B. had she gone C. has she gone D. had she been
14.In such dry weather , the flowers will have to be watered if they ______.
A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive
15. The TV sets made by our factory sell best , but 10 years ago no one could have guessed the place in the markets that they _______ .
A. were having B. were to have C. had had D. had
16.---Can you give me the right answer ?
--- Sorry , I ______ . Would you repeat that question ?
A. hadn’t listened B. haven’t listened C. don’t listen D. wasn’t listening
17.I _____ violin lessons every two weeks , but I think I’ll make it every week from next month.
A. am having B. have had C. have D. have been having
18.---What were you doing when I phoned you yesterday evening ?
--- I ______ my homework and was starting to take a bath.
A. had just finished B. was finishing C. have already finished D. was going to finish
19.--- Your baby is too thin .
--- It could gain weight , but it _____ much .
A. doesn’t eat B. didn’t eat C. hadn’t been D. couldn’t eat
20.Please call again . Jim ______ a bath just now .
A. has had B. was having C. is having D. has
21. ---Why did you come by taxi?
--- My bike broke down last night and I ____ it repaired .
A. didn’t have B. don’t have C. won’t have D. haven’t had
22. I don’t really work here . I _____until the new secretary arrives .
A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out
23.You _____ television . Why not do something more active?
A.always watch B. are always watching C. have always watched D. have always been watching
24.--- Can you drive on the free way , Mr. Green ?
--- You can when you ____ a bit more skilled .
A. will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get
25. I _____ at the station half an hour ago , but the train ___ yet.
A. arrived ; hadn’t come B. was arriving ; hadn’t come
C. arrived ; hasn’t come D. had arrived ; didn’t come
26.Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge ? It will ___ fresh for several days .
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
27. The little girl _____ her heart out because she _____ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it .
A . had cried ; lost B. cried ; had lost
C. has cried ; has lost D. cries ; has lost
28. I feel it is your husband who ____ for the spoiled child .
A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame
29.Hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes .
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
30. Rainforests ____ and burned at such a great speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future .
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been out
動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)（解析）
【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)題】
1． 答案：D。
解析：從第一句中可知，本題排除與過去時有關(guān)的B、C兩項，而see 一般不用進行時，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。
2．答案：c。
解析：if only 在句中引導虛擬語氣，在含有if only虛擬句中，不能用情態(tài)動詞，根據(jù)語境這里是與過去事實相反的一種情況，所以要用過去完成時。
3． B。
解析：第一句中有in the past hour ，故用現(xiàn)在完成時；第二句中each time 顯然是過去的時間，故選B。
4． 答案：B。
解析：先排除D項，然后從語境中可知，不在看（鏡頭）是指John 給我拍照時的動作，故用過去進行時。
5． 答案：D。
解析：此句中Mary 是被留下來，而不是主動離開。
6． 答案：C。
解析：A項中take place 無被動語態(tài)，B項中主謂不一致，D項時態(tài)不對。
7． 答案：A。
解析：從本句意思來看,they 應(yīng)指學生，與expect 之間應(yīng)是被動關(guān)系。Be expected to do意思是：被指望做------。
8． 答案：C。
解析：realize 不是現(xiàn)在的動作，而是在你提醒我之前沒有意識到，故用C，主從句時態(tài)也一致。
9． 答案：C。
解析：本句用的是將來時，故排除A、D。B項中after hours 一般用于過去時態(tài)，只有C正確。Within 相當于in.
10.答案：a。
解析：break out 無被動語態(tài)。put out 與fire 之間應(yīng)體現(xiàn)被動關(guān)系。
11．答案：C。
解析：happen 無被動語態(tài)，而A項時態(tài)與while I was asleep 不符合。
12．答案：A。
解析：答句中說明 “打破杯子的不是我，我沒做那事”，故用一般過去時。
13．答案：D。
解析：happen to do 表示“正好，碰巧”，無被動語態(tài)，而the thief 與notice 之間是被動關(guān)系，故選D。
14．答案：A。
解析：本題考查狀語從句中時態(tài)，主句是將來時，故在once 引導的條件狀語從句中用現(xiàn)在時表示將來時，而be settled 指生活安頓下來，故選A。
15．答案：C。
解析：原句意思是“我壓根兒不曾想到你會給我?guī)ФY物來”�！皼]想到”當然是過去的動作，故排除B項，而D項的時態(tài)也不對；A項中didn’t think 表示“我并不認為---”與原句意思不符。第二空用were going to 表示過去將來時，與主句時態(tài)一致。
16．答案：A。
解析：It will be / was a long time before ------是個固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
17．答案：D。
解析：主句中用現(xiàn)在完成時，若選A，主從句中時態(tài)不一致。若選B、C項表示聽到Bob 回來或聽到Bob 回來了，D項表示我聽說Bob從非洲回來了，heard 后省去了that ，主從句時態(tài)一致。
18．答案：C。
解析：從句意來看，我到那兒時，她還沒離開，而是正要離開，故選C。
19．答案：B。
解析：一般情況下條件從句中用現(xiàn)在時，主句用一般將來時。但本題中問句里有usually 一詞，詢問的是通常的情況，故用B。
20．答案D。
解析：從后半句was made to repeat it 可知，因為他沒有被聽懂，故用被動語態(tài)。
21．答案：D。
解析：本題中時間狀語every day in the past four weeks 表示從過去某一時間到現(xiàn)在的四周里每天進行的動作，故用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，而主語the pupil 與keep 之間是被動關(guān)系，故用be kept busy doing 結(jié)構(gòu)。
22．答案：C。
解析：原句意思是“Tom 來看我時我剛穿好衣服，正準備離開�！惫蔬xC。
23．答案：D。
解析：答句中用過去時表示在你征詢我的意見前我沒有及時說，故用D。
24．答案：C。
解析：從I shouldn’t have been so rude to you 一句可看出，對方是為自己在過去某一時候的無禮舉動表示歉意，故發(fā)脾氣這一動作發(fā)生在過去，但不用過去完成時或進行時，C項中用did lose 表示強調(diào)。
25．答案：C。
解析：由時間狀語by next Saturday 可知，時態(tài)應(yīng)用將來完成時，選C。
26．答案：C。
解析：答句中for a while 暗示要用完成時，此處顯然用過去完成時；第二空用過去進行時指媽媽進來時我正在看書。
27．答案：C。
解析：從答句before my arrival 可知，本題問句應(yīng)用過去時，而第二空顯然是指過去的過去發(fā)生的動作，故選C。
28．答案：A。
解析：用現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在的情況。我此時感到疼痛。
29．答案：A。
解析：句中yet 一詞暗示問句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。
30．答案：B。
解析：Alice 現(xiàn)已回來了，人不在外地，故不用have / has / had gone ;而本句第一分句講Alice 是前天回來的，故問的該是在前天以前上哪兒了，因此選B，用過去完成時。
【能力提高題】
1． 答案：D。
解析：因為現(xiàn)在你身上的毛衣里外穿反了，由此推斷當時你很匆忙。
2． 答案：A。
解析：in case 引導的是條件狀語從句，主句用將來時，從句用現(xiàn)在時，因為前邊有be upset ，故用be 動詞is ，后面省略upset。
3． 答案：B。
解析：從后句可知，我手頭還有一點錢，但很快要用完了，故用B項，進行時表示將來時。
4． 答案：D。
解析：until then 表示到過去某一時候為止，故用過去完成時。
5． 答案：A。
解析：第一空應(yīng)填主句的謂語動詞，故排除B、C。第二空作介詞to 的賓語；foreign friends 與show around 之間是被動關(guān)系，故選A。
6． 答案：D。
解析：本題考查的是主動語態(tài)表示被動語態(tài)的用法。動詞open 表示主語的屬性特征，類似的動詞還有close ,read ,write , sell , wash ,dry 等，一般都用主動式表示被動含義。
7． 答案：B。
解析：mind 后接動名詞，故排除C項。I 與leave 之間應(yīng)體現(xiàn)被動關(guān)系，故在B、D中選。第二空不定式作定語，因為句中有執(zhí)行read 的主語I ，故用主動式。
8． 答案：C。
解析：dry 指主語material 的屬性特征，應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動含義。此時它是不及物動詞，故用副詞修飾；第二空prove 是連系動詞，所以選C。
9． 答案：C。
解析：“忘了為你寄信”是過去的動作，故用B、C。而B項中I’m going to post 表示“打算去寄”不符合上句的語境。
10．答案：D。
解析：從時間狀語for a long time 可知到說話時為止很長時間郵遞員未被見到了。故用現(xiàn)在完成時。
11．答案：B。
解析：將來進行時will / shall be doing sth. 可用于表達預(yù)計即將發(fā)生或勢必要發(fā)生的動作，在一般情況下可和一般將來時換用，用將來時則顯得更加委婉。
12．答案：D。
解析：was / were to do sth..表示從過去某一時間看來將要發(fā)生的事。
13．答案：B。
解析：答語的含義是：“No, I don’t know it until you have told me”. Till / until 從句中常用一般時或現(xiàn)在完成時。
14．答案：B。
解析：happen 是不及物動詞，無被動語態(tài)，又由于before 引導的時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時，故選B。
15．答案：D。
解析：“男孩被車撞了�！�
16．答案：B。
解析：seat 是及物動詞，表示“坐下”應(yīng)用be seated 或seat oneself .
17．答案：D 。
解析：D項表示“正在被修復(fù)”。
18．答案：C。
解析：feel 為連系動詞，作“摸上去，覺得”解，無被動語態(tài)。
19．答案：A。
解析：keep 表示“（水果、食物）保質(zhì)，保持新鮮”，在此處是不及物動詞。
20．答案：A。
解析：It is the first (second / third---)time that 后從句中用完成時態(tài)，主句是現(xiàn)在時，故從句用現(xiàn)在完成時。
21．答案：D。
解析：once 引導的是條件狀語從句，故用現(xiàn)在時，主句應(yīng)用將來時，因此選D。
22．答案：C。
解析：原句意思是“他們才喝了一會兒的酒，這時就捎來了口信�！眂ame 是過去時，drink 是到came 動作為止一直進行的動作，故用過去完成時。
23．答案：D。
解析：D項是固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
24．答案：B。
解析：在“Here I am at last”之前“我很擔心”。所以用一般過去時。Be worried 后可跟that 從句，注意：在be worried about 后不可跟that 從句。
25．答案：C。
解析：對“寄信一事我忘了”，用一般過去時即可。
26．答案：A。
解析：前一空應(yīng)用didn’t know 表示以前不知道，后一空為目前的決定，要去看望她，所以用will .
27.答案：D。
解析：本句中的it 是代詞，指時間，when 引導的是時間狀語，而不是定語從句。若選C，則應(yīng)在twelve o’clock 前加介詞at ,這樣構(gòu)成強調(diào)句式。
28．答案：B。
解析：“你把地圖放在哪兒啦？”側(cè)重我現(xiàn)在找不到它了，是過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，回答是“我把它就放在這兒的。”但現(xiàn)在我也不知道它在哪兒。就是一個過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在沒有影響。
29．答案：B。
解析：此句為復(fù)雜特殊疑問句，即疑問詞+do you think (believe / suppose / expect / imagine 等)+其他（陳述語序）？
30．答案：C。
解析：說話時動作正在進行，come true 為不及物動詞，不能用被動語態(tài)。
【高考沖刺題】
1． 答案：D。
解析：always 常與進行時連用，表示某種反復(fù)的動作，往往表示不滿、責備、贊揚等。didn’t like 發(fā)生在過去，故選 d。
2． 答案：B。
解析：當時他在聽收音機。
3． 答案：B。
解析：if 引導的虛擬語氣的從句。
4． 答案：B。
解析：表示從過去直到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)不斷的動作。
5． 答案：D。
解析：had wanted to do 表示過去打算做某事但沒有做成，過去進行時表示過去某段時間正在做的事情。
6． 答案：C。
解析：價格到說話時已下降，故用現(xiàn)在完成時。
7． 答案：C。
解析：dream 是從某時開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在進行的動作。
8． 答案：B。
解析：本句還是考查主動語態(tài)表示被動語態(tài)的用法。
9． 答案：C。
解析：“據(jù)說------”在英語中可用“ It is / was said that sb. / sth. --- ”句型來表示。該句型可變成：sb. / sth. is/ was said to --- 句式。因此本句應(yīng)填不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，drive 與kill 之間是被動關(guān)系，故選C。
10．答案：D。
解析：固定句式。因主句為過去時，所以從句用過去完成時。
11．答案：A。
解析：recently 一詞一般用在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，故選A。
12．答案：B。
解析：the moment 可作為連詞詞組引導時間狀語從句，并且從句中用現(xiàn)在時表示將來時。
13．答案：D。
解析：Kate 昨天就到家了，所以打聽她在此以前去哪兒，用D項。
14．答案：B。
解析：be to do 結(jié)構(gòu)在條件狀語從句中表示“如果想，如果要---”，故選B。
15．答案：B。
解析：were to 在此句中表示相對于十年前來說將要發(fā)生的事，相當于過去將來時。原句的意思是“十年前沒有人可能會料到我們廠的電視機會在市場上占有如今這個地位�！�
16．答案：D。
解析：從Would you repeat that question ?一句可知“我剛才不在聽”。故選D。
17．答案：D。
解析：每兩周上小提琴課是到目前為止一直進行的動作，而且是反復(fù)做的習慣動作，該動詞還需要延續(xù)到本月底，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。
18．答案：A。
解析：做完作業(yè)是在你昨晚打電話時剛完成的動作，故選A。
19．答案：A。
解析：寶寶平時一直吃得不多，所以顯得太瘦。
20．答案：C。
解析：從語境來判斷，本題中的just now 指此時，現(xiàn)在=right now 或at this moment .故用現(xiàn)在進行時。
21．答案：D。
解析：我自行車還沒修好，因而對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是現(xiàn)在還不能用，我只好打的過來。因此本題應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，而不用一般過去時。
22．答案：C。
解析：現(xiàn)在進行時指現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。根據(jù)題意：“我只是在幫忙，直到新秘書到位為止。”故用C項。
23．答案：B。
解析：always 用于進行時表示一種感情色彩，此處表示“抱怨”。
24．答案：D。
解析：時間狀語從句中用現(xiàn)在時表示將來時。
25．答案：C。
解析：到車站是半個小時前的動作，yet 表示到現(xiàn)在火車還沒到，故選C。
26．答案：B。
解析：stay 在此處是連系動詞。
27．答案：B。
解析：cry 是過去的動作，而lose 是在此以前的動作，故用過去完成時。
28．答案：A。
解析：be to blame 一般表示主語與blame 之間的被動關(guān)系，若選D項，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)should be blamed.
29．答案：B。
解析：條件從句中是現(xiàn)在時，主句應(yīng)用將來時，job與lose 之間是被動關(guān)系，故選B。
30．答案：C。
解析：首先，cut 是及物動詞，與主語間應(yīng)體現(xiàn)被動關(guān)系，故排除A。 文中 “at such a great speed that they will disappear ---in the near future”,表示目前正以驚人的速度被砍伐，因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。
責任編輯：李芳芳