科目 英語
年級 高二
文件 high2 unit6.doc
標題 Mainly Revision
章節(jié) 第六單元
關鍵詞
內容
一、教學目的和要求：
⒈ 單詞和詞組：
shape ring(n.) collection bank material hide hand out L.22四會
here and there look round
envelope sooner or later pick up pack packs of L.23
cheaply
cock shame coin L.21三會
silver penny(pl. pence) mine(n.) possibly whenever L.22
trade whatever afford L.23
seashell L.22二會
⒉ 日常交際用語
復習第一至第五單元出現過的日常交際用語。
⒊ 語法：
復習第一至第五單元學習過的語法項目。
二、重點和難點：
L.21
⒈I’m afraid I don’t have it any more. 恐怕我再也沒有了。
句子的not any more (no more) 意為“不再”，“再也不”。
在談數量或程度時，可用no more；說時間時則用not any more。例如：
There is no more bread. 沒有面包了。（指數量）
He is no more genius than I am. 他和我都不是天才。（指難度）
He doesn’t live here any more. 他不住在這兒了。（指時間）
Let him go alone. He isn’t a child any more. 讓他一個人去吧。他不再是小孩子了。
⒉What a shame ! (what a pity!) 太遺憾了！真不巧！多可惜�。�
這是兩個日常交際用語中表示遺憾的句子。shame可作“可惋惜之事”解，無復數形式，前面常用不定冠詞a。例如：
You didn’t go to her birthday party. What a shame ! 真遺憾，你沒有去參加她的生日聚會。
She can’t join us in the travel. What s shame ! /What a pity!
她不能參加我的旅行了，真是太遺憾了！
在本課中還出現了這樣一個句子：It’s a pity I didn’t think of it earlier. 很遺憾我沒有早點想起這件事。
這是由形式主語it引導的表示遺憾的用語，其句型結構是：It is a pity+that clause，由that引導的主語從句表示遺憾的具體內容，而that這一連詞�？墒÷浴＠纾�
She can’t join us in the travel. What a pity! 也可以這樣表示：
It’s a pity (that) she can’t join us in the travel. 很遺憾她不能參加我們的旅行了。
L.22
⒈Later, another type of coin was used , with holes in it, and these were used for the next 2,000 years, that is, from 221 BC until 1916. 后來，使用一種中間有孔的硬幣，這種硬幣以后用了2,000年，即從公元前221年開始到1916年為止。
a)句中的with holes in it是with的一個復合結構，在句中作定語，其結構是with+n.+介詞短語，這時它相當一個定語從句（…which has holes in it），對先行詞coin作補充說明。例如：
I don’t know how to operate this new type of machine, with lots of meters on it. 我不知道如何操縱這種新型機器，上面有許多儀表。
He used to live with his grandparents in a large house, with trees round it. 他曾和他的祖父母住在一座大房子里，四周皆是樹木。
另外，with的這種復合結構也可以用作方式狀語。例如：
We sat on the ground, with our backs to the wall. 我們坐在地上，面靠著墻。
The wife came down the stairs, with her son in her arms. 妻子從樓上下來，懷中抱著她的兒子。
b)句中的that is，作插入語用，對上文進行補充說明。這一插入語的前后通常用逗號同句子的其他部分分開。意思是“這就是說”，“也就是”。例如：
Bruce lived in China for about two years, that is, from 1995 to 1997. 布魯斯在中國住居約兩年，即從1995年到1997年。
She visited Shenzhen three years ago, that is, in 1996. 她三年前去過深圳，也就是說是在1996年的時候。
⒉coins may be of different sizes, weights, shapes, and of different metals.
(=coins may be different in size, weight and shape, and they may be made of different metals.)硬幣可能大小、輕重、形狀不同，鑄造的金屬可能不一樣。
句中的of所引起的短語of different sizes, weights, shapes以及of different metals都用作表語，表示主語coins的特征。例如：
The method is of great importance (=The method is very important. )這方法很重要。
Your advice is of great help. (=your advice is helpful.) 你的忠告很有幫助。
The professor’s suggestions are of much value. (=The professor’s suggestions are very valuable.) 教授的建議是很寶貴的。
但在口語中，of有時可以省去，特別是在of短語之后還有修辭語的時候。例如：
The girls are almost (of) the same height. 這些姑娘們差不多一般高。
⒊The earliest coins in the west were made of gold mixed with silver. 西方最早的硬幣是用金和銀的合金制成的。
句中的mixed with silver是過去分詞短詞，作定語用，修辭gold，作定詞用的過去時分詞短詞通常置于它所修飾的名詞之后，大體相當于一個定語從句。例如：
The building built last year (which was built last year ) is now a hospital. 去年建的大樓現在是家醫(yī)院。
The young girl dressed in red (who is dressed in red) is a dancer.
穿紅衣服的那位年輕的姑娘是舞蹈演員。
需要注意的是：當單個的過去分詞作定語時，通常放在被修飾的名詞前面。例如：
Who is your most respected teacher ? Mr Li is。誰是你的最尊敬的老師？李先生。
The broken window has been repaired. 那扇壞窗子已經修好了。
⒋The new Chinese panda coin is made of 99.99% gold. 新的中國熊貓硬幣的含金量為99.99%。
a)句中的be made of短語意為“由……制造”。用這一結構時，主要是指成品中可以看出原材料，其制作過程中僅發(fā)生了物理變化。例如：
The desks and chairs are made of wood. 課桌和椅子是用木頭制造的。
There wine bottles are made of glass. 這些酒瓶是用玻璃做的。
但有些制品制成后，已看不出原材料，其制作過程發(fā)生了化學變化，這時則由短語be made from表示。例如：
Gas is made from coal. 煤氣由煤制成。
This kind of wine is made from grape. 這種酒是葡萄做的。
b)99.99%讀作ninety─nine, point ninety─nine percent, 拼寫時percent也可以分開寫成per cent.
⒌It contained 54, 951 coins dating from the years 260-275 A.D. 那一堆硬幣共有54,951枚，制幣時間是公元260年至275年之間。
a)句中的it指上文提到的the collection of coins found in England in 1978.
b)dating from短語在句中作定語，相當于一個定語從句……which dated from the years…，修飾先行詞coins, date在這里是不及物動詞，意思是“起始”，“興起于……”，常與介詞from一起構成短語date from, 作“始于……”時期（=come into being or come from a centain time.）。例如：
This castle dates from the 14th century. 這座城堡建于14世紀。
The Great Wall dates from the third century BC. 長城始建于公元前三世紀。
date作名詞時，意思為“日期”，“日子”。例如：
Today’s date is the 23rd of October. 今天是10月23日。
Has the date of the meeting been fixed? 開會的日期定下來了嗎？
⒍It is known that thousands of Chinese worked in the gold mines in the late 19th century. 眾所周知，在十九世紀末成千上萬的中國工人在金礦里干活。
a)It is known that…是一固定句型，其中it是形式主語，that引導的句子是真正的主語類似這樣的結構還有：It is reported that…, it is announced that…, It is said that…。例如：
It is reported that the old building burned down last week dated from the early 187os.據報道，上周燒毀的那座古代的建筑物始建于十九世紀初。
It is said that she started to learn to swim in her late fifties.據說她在她近六十歲時開始學游泳的。
b)句中的late為形容詞，表示“后期”、“末期”，而early則表示“早期”、“初期”。例如在上面的二個句子中分別出現了the early 187os十九世紀初和in her late fifties在她近六十歲時。
⒎It is possible that one of them kept a kind of bank where the workers could keep their money safe.其中有一個人可能開了一個錢莊，工人們可以把錢安全地存放在那里。
a)這是一個由形成主語it引導的句子，其真正的主語是that引導的句子，其結構是It It is+adj.+that clause. 例如：
It is possible that it will rain tomorrow.明天可能會下雨。
It is important that every student follows the teacher’s advice. 每個學生都應聽從老師的忠告，這一點很重要。
另外，要注意possible, probable和likely的區(qū)別：possible表示客觀上潛在的可能性；probable表示有幾分根據的推測；而likely則表示有充分根據的推測。
b)句中的keep a bank意思是“開辦銀行”。這里keep是及物動詞，作“經營”、“養(yǎng)活”、“管理”解，后跟名詞作賓語。例如：
My father keeps a shop in a small village. 我父親在一個小村子里開了家商店。
The old woman has a young girl to keep her house. 這位老婦人雇傭了一位年輕的姑娘替她管家。
He has to work very hard to keep the family. 為了養(yǎng)家糊口他得努力工作。
c)本句中的keep the money safe這一結構中，keep也是及物動詞，但意為“保持（某種狀況）”，其后跟的是帶形容詞的復合結構：keep+n.+adj.，例如：
We should keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我們應該保持教室的整潔。
Put the food into the refrigerator to keep it cool, or it will go bad. 把這些食物放在冰箱里以便冷藏，否則會變壞的。
L.23
⒈At the beginning, collect as many stamps as you can. 首先，盡可能多地收集郵票。
a)at the beginning意為“首先”、“起初”類似的短語還有in the beginning, at first 其反義詞組是in the end, at last或副詞finally.
b)as… as one can意為“盡力”、“盡……可能”，與as…as possible意思相同。例如：
Please start as early as you can (=Please start as early as possible.)請盡早出發(fā)。
We should work as hard as we can.(=we should work as hard as possible.)我們應盡力工作。
除了在as…as之間加副詞外，也可加“形容詞+名詞”詞組。例如：
You’d better make as many friends as you can while at school. 你最好是在學校廣交朋友。
Try to make as few mistakes as you can (possible) 盡量少犯錯誤。
⒉The ones which you decide not to keep can be traded with other people. 那些你決定不保留的郵票可以同其他人交換。
句中的trade為動詞，意思為“做生意”、“交易”、“互易”。與介詞with連用，構成短語動詞trade with sb.，作“與（某人）作買賣”、“同（某人）交換”解。例如：
He refused to trade with that company again. 他再一次地拒絕了與那家公司做生意。
Stamp collectors often trade stamps with each other. 集郵者經常相互交換郵票。
如果說表達“用……同……進行交換”時，則用短語trade for (exchange sth. for sth.)，例如：
I traded my watch for a bike. 我用我的手表換了一輛自行車。
Would you like to trade this book for a pen? 你愿意用一本書換一支鋼筆嗎？
⒊Sooner or later you’ll decide that you want to collect a certain kind of stamp. 遲早你會決定收集一種郵票。
句中的固定詞sooner or later作“遲早”、“總有一天”解，與at some time, some day同義。例如：
Sooner or later she was going to awake. 她遲早會覺醒的。
The boy will, sooner or later, tell his father all about the matter. 這個男孩遲早會把這事的全部經過告訴他父親的。
⒋Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford. 到郵票銷售點去，把你能夠買得起的郵票買下來。
a)句中的stamp sales (the place where stamps are sold)意思是郵票銷售部，郵票發(fā)售點。sale的復數形式常用來作定語，構成合成詞。例如：
a sales talk銷售談判；salesgirl /salesman / saleswoman售貨員，推銷員。
b)句中的whatever是連接代詞，相當于anything that，作“凡是……的”、“所……的東西”，引導名詞性從句。本句中的whatever you can afford就是作及物動詞buy的賓詞。例如：
I will do whatever you wish. 我將為你做任何事情。
You can eat whatever you like. 你愿意吃什么就吃什么。
此外，whatever還可以引導主語從句。例如：
Whatever I have is yours. 我的東西都是你的。
whatever還可以用來引導狀語從句，表示讓步，作“無論什么”解。
Keep calm, whatever happens. 不論出什么事都要保持鎮(zhèn)定。
Whatever you do, do your best. 無論你干什么，都要盡最大努力。
c)句中的afford一詞是動詞，作“花得起”、“買得起”解，表示“有經濟條件做某事”這一詞常和can這類詞連用。但同時也表示“為（某目的）有足夠的錢、時間、地方等�！崩纾�
The house is too expensive. We can’t afford it. 這座房子太貴了，我們買不起。
They walked here because they couldn’t afford a taxi. 他們因坐不起出租車而是步行來這里的。
I’d like to go on holiday but I can’t afford the time. 我想去度假但抽不出時間來。
另外，afford一詞還有“給予某物”、“供給某物”的意思。例如：
The tree afforded us welcome shade. 這棵大樹下好乘涼。
Television affords pleasure to people. 電視給人們帶來樂趣。
三、同步測試：
I. 選擇最佳答案：
⒈Your name is John. The phone rings so you pick it up and say:
A. John speaking B. hello
C. Can I help you ? D. John here. Who do you want to speak to?
⒉You answer the phone. Someone wants to speak to your father, who is at home . You say.
A. Please don’t go away B. Hold on, please.
C. Wait a minute. D. Please wait here.
⒊When you answer the phone, you find that the caller has dialed the wrong number. He says that he is very sorry. You reply:
A. Goodbye. B. Not at all
C. Please don’t do it again. D. Please be more careful
⒋She gathered a lot of coins from different countries.選擇適當的答案替換劃線部分：
A. bought B. received C. accepted D. collected
⒌The man shouted in a _______ voice and the girl was very _______.
A. frightening, frightening B. frightening, frightened
C. frightened, frightened D. frightened, frightening
⒍Hibernation is more than sleep.選擇適當的答案替換劃線部分：
A. much more B. not only C. less than D. fast
⒎The watch is ______ at over a thousand yuan, so I can’t _____ it.
A. value, waste B. worth, spend C. price, cost D. valued, afford
⒏The two girls are ______.
A. the same height and age B. of the same height and age
C. the same high and age D. of the same high and age
⒐Please choose _______ you like.
A. whenever B. whatever C. anything which D. it
⒑The park near my house is getting dirtier and dirtier. Rubbish can be seen ______.
A. here and there B. far and wide
C. near and far D all where.
⒒It is ______ for you to do such a thing in public.
A. shameful B. shame C. a shame D. shamed
⒓I’ll go with you ______ you are ready.
A. whatever B. whenever C. wherever D. whoever
⒔This is one of the questions ______ at the meeting last week.
A. being discussed B. discussing C. to be discussed D. discussed
⒕________ plastics, the machine is light in weight.
A. Made of B. Marking of C. To made of D. Having made of
⒖The question ______ now is ______ great impartance.
A. is discussed, of B. discussed, in
C. to be discussed, about D. being discussed, of
⒗All the students found _______ to work out the difficult physics problem.
A. it is impossible B. it impossible C. that impossible D. that is impossible
⒘The students were kept busy ______ the coming exem.
A. preparing with B. preparing C. for preparing D. prepared
⒙______ wants to go to the concert must sign here.
A. Who B. Those who C. Anyone D.Whoever
⒚下面的句子中只有一句無語法錯誤，請找出來。
A. He is such good a teacher that I have ever seen.
B. He is so a good teacher that we all love him.
C. He is so excellent a student that he is known to all in our school.
D. We all love him because he is such good a teacher.
⒛Would you please ______ from smoking while the lecture is in progress?
A. avoid B. stop C. cease D. keep yourself
II.閱讀下面短文，并在空白處填入一個語法及意義都正確的詞，每空一詞：
In Singapore, people from all walks of life (1) close to one (2) . For (3) , near where I live people do a variety of jobs, ranging from hawkers (小販) (4) bank managers . Mr Hock is a hawker, who has to visit the market every morning to buy food for his stall. This quite unusual among Singaporeans as buying from the market is (5) done by women. Next (6) to us, your immediate neighbour, Mr Kim, works during the day (7) a clerk in the city, but when evening comes, unlike other men. (8) go home to eat and relax by “putting their legs up”, he has a second job on the stock exchange. (9) it is day-time in New York, dealers are obliged to sit up all night to follow the monements of the market. And yet the local trader and the financier live (10) 100 meties of each other.
III.改錯
One watches TV often feels that whatever
happened in the film could well happen to them . Jane
had been enjoying a spy film in which a young girl had followed and
murdered. Now she was walking to the station, feel a little
frigtened. She took the train back to the center of the city where
there were a lot of people, so she felt much safe. She
thought of nothing until she found a man nearby staring at him. Feeling
very uncomfortable, she got out of the train and went to the bus
step. After getting off, she heard footsleps behind her but dare not turn
round before she felt a hand on her shoulder and heard a pleasantly voice:
“I’d apologize whether I frightened you. I’m your new neighbour.
I thought I recognized you in the train, but I was not so sure.” 1.________
2.________
3.________
4.________
5.________
6.________
7.________
8.________
9.________
10._______
參考答案：
I.1─5DBCDB 6─10BDBBA 11─15CBDAD 16─20BBDCD
II.⒈live；⒉another；⒊example；⒋to；⒌always；⒍door；⒎as；⒏who；⒐when；
⒑about
III.⒈O(jiān)ne后加who；⒉them him / himself；⒊had后加been；⒋feel feeling；⒌ ；
⒍safe safer；⒎him her；⒏dare dared；⒐pleasantly pleasant；⒑whether if