作者:劉世一
1. [原文] I'm beginning to get angry with him. (L.69)句中begin是終止性動(dòng)詞,卻用了進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),怎么理解這一語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象?
[精析] 在英語(yǔ)中,終止性動(dòng)詞由于動(dòng)作不能延續(xù)的特性,一般情況下沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),也不與時(shí)間段狀語(yǔ)連用。而英語(yǔ)中某些終止性動(dòng)詞如come, go, leave, begin, start, return, move等的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)形式,可用來(lái)表達(dá)將來(lái)的含義,本句就是這一用法。如:
They are leaving for Beijing on business.他們要出差去北京。
The Greens are moving into a new flat.格林家準(zhǔn)備搬進(jìn)新公寓。
2. [原文] However, it is still not known whether he and Irvine ... (L.70)本句是什么句子結(jié)構(gòu)?
[精析] 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,whether引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句,句首的it是形式主語(yǔ)。在英語(yǔ)中,往往采用"it is +過(guò)去分詞+從句"這一結(jié)構(gòu)。如"據(jù)說(shuō),據(jù)報(bào)道,據(jù)以為"等含義。如:
It is said that he is a good doctor.據(jù)說(shuō)他是個(gè)好醫(yī)生。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 據(jù)報(bào)道,我國(guó)又發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星進(jìn)入軌道。
3. [原文] ..., but some people wondered whether .... (L.70)動(dòng)詞wonder有哪些用法?
[精析] wonder這一動(dòng)詞在不同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中表達(dá)的意思不同:
(1) 后接"who, what, why等疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句"、"疑問(wèn)詞+不定式"時(shí),表示"想知道"。如:
The teacher wondered why she was late. 老師想知道她為什么遲到。
He wondered what happened. 他想知道發(fā)生了什么事情。
I'm just wondering how to do it. 我正想知道怎么做那件事。
(2)后接"that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句"、"不定式短語(yǔ)"時(shí),表示"感到驚奇;對(duì)......感到驚訝"。如:
I wonder that he was off office.我對(duì)他下崗感到驚訝。
I wonder to see her looking so cheerful. 我很驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)她如此高興。
(3)后接if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),表示一種委婉的請(qǐng)求或疑問(wèn)。如:
I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand. 我想知道你是否介意助我一臂之力。
(4)后接at 或about表示"感到驚異;感到疑惑"的意思。如:
I wonder at your allowing her to do such a thing. 我對(duì)你允許她做那樣的事感到驚異。
I wonder about my future.我對(duì)我的未來(lái)感到疑惑。
4. [原文] ... live in less developed countries are quite poor. (L.71)句中developed可改為developing嗎?
[精析] developed和developing是動(dòng)詞develop的過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞形式,在句中作定語(yǔ),兩者的區(qū)別是:(1)在時(shí)間上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。(2)在語(yǔ)態(tài)上(這條規(guī)則只符合及物動(dòng)詞), 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng),過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。所以developed countries是"已經(jīng)發(fā)展了的國(guó)家,即發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家",改為developing countries是"正在發(fā)展的國(guó)家,即發(fā)展中國(guó)家",這樣句意就發(fā)生了改變。再如:
We knew the surprising fact.我們知道了那個(gè)使人感到驚訝的事實(shí)。
Those surprised people didn't move at all.那些受了驚的人們呆在那兒一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。