作者:朱孔仁 劉世一 王安新
一、There be句型中be 的數(shù)
1. 在There be句型中,be后面的名詞是句子的主語(yǔ),因而be的數(shù)應(yīng)與該名詞的數(shù)保持一致。后面的名詞為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),be應(yīng)用is;后面的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí),be應(yīng)用are。如:
There's some milk in the bottle.
There are many children in the park.
2. be后面的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞,但該不可數(shù)名詞的前面有表示量的可數(shù)名詞對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾時(shí),be的數(shù)要與該可數(shù)名詞保持一致。如:
There are three bottles of milk on the table.
3. 當(dāng)后面的名詞不止一個(gè)時(shí),be的數(shù)應(yīng)按"就近"原則來(lái)確定。如:
There is a table, four chairs and a small bed in the room.
二、There be句型中的動(dòng)詞變化
There be句型中的be還可換為其它動(dòng)詞,如stand, lie, live, appear等,從而使語(yǔ)言更加生動(dòng)形象。如:
Many years ago, there lived an old man ...
There appears to be a mistake.
三、There be句型的各種時(shí)態(tài)
There be句型通過(guò)be動(dòng)詞的變化還可以構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)。反意疑問(wèn)句中的助動(dòng)詞要與各種時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)。如:
There will be a new film at the cinema, won't there?
There have been great changes in your hometown, haven't there?
四、There be與have的區(qū)別
There be結(jié)構(gòu)與充當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的have都可作"有"講,但have作"有"講時(shí),表示所有關(guān)系,即"擁有;占有",而There be結(jié)構(gòu)表示客觀上的存在,不說(shuō)明所有關(guān)系。試比較:
Mrs Green has three children.(說(shuō)明三個(gè)小孩歸Mrs Green所有)
There are three children under the tree.(說(shuō)明樹下存在三個(gè)小孩)