知識要點(diǎn)歸納
1.單元詞匯及短語
region, beyond, lien, northern, southern, eastern, western, southeastern, northeastern, the Himalayas, be made up of, be surrounded by, mild, subtropical, harbour, landscape, volcano, be used to do, make electricity, take possession of, be celebrated as
2.單元句型
(1)The East China Sea lies to the east.
(2)New Zealand is an island that lies off the eastern coast of Australia.
(3)New Zealand has a very beautiful natural landscape with green hills.
(4)That day is still celebrated as a national holiday.
(5)New Zealand has a population of about 3.8 million people.
(6)The majority of the people speak English.
3.單元語法
Learn to use“it”as a subject.
核心知識
重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語舉例
(1)region n.
1)地區(qū),地方,地帶a forest ~ 森林地帶
2)(學(xué)問等的)范圍,領(lǐng)域 the ~ of psychology 心理學(xué)的領(lǐng)域
(2)beyond
1)prep.
●表示位置:在/向…的那邊,遠(yuǎn)于
eg. He came from beyond the sea. 他從海外回來了。
●表示時(shí)間:遲于
beyond nine o’clock 過了9點(diǎn)
●表示范圍,限度;超出
beyond compare 無與倫比
●常用于否定和疑問句:除…以外
eg. I can’t tell you anything beyond what you know already.
除了你已經(jīng)知道的以外,我無可奉告了。
2)adv. 在/向遠(yuǎn)處,look beyond往遠(yuǎn)處看
(3)lie
vi, 位于,在…位置
lay, lain, lying
eg. China lies in the east of Asia,中國位于亞洲東部。(中國在亞洲范圍之內(nèi)。)
India lies on the Southwest of China. 印度位于中國的西南。(印度在中國以外,緊挨著。)
Japan lies to east of China.日本在中國以東。(不接壤,隔…相望。)
New Zealand is an island that lies to the eastern coast of Australia.
新西蘭位于澳大利亞的東海岸。(遠(yuǎn)離…海岸線或島嶼。)
(4)mild adj.
1)(人、態(tài)度等)溫和的,溫柔的,溫順的
eg. He has a mild nature.他天性溫和。
2)(氣候等)溫和的,溫暖的
a mild climate 溫和的氣候
a mild winter 溫暖的冬天
(5)harbour n.
1)港,海港
eg, Our boat stayed in the harbour during the typhoon.
在臺風(fēng)襲來期間我們的船停泊在港內(nèi)。
2)避難所,躲藏處
a harbour for young runaways 離家出走青少年的躲藏處
(6)landscape
1)n.(陸地上的)風(fēng)景,景觀;展望
eg. He was watching the landscape from the train window. 他正從火車窗口向外眺望風(fēng)景。
2)vt.(把一片土地)造園;綠化;美化
(7)volcano
n. 復(fù)~es火山
an active volcano活火山
a dormant (dead) volcano休(死)火山
(8)be used to do被用來做
be used to doing習(xí)慣于
used to do(過去)常常
eg.
Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用來造紙。
I’m used to getting up early. 我習(xí)慣早起。
He used to play basketball before breakfast. (But now, he doesn’t)
他過去常常早飯前打籃球。(但現(xiàn)在,他卻沒有。)
(9)be surrounded by…
被包圍,被圍繞
eg.
The enemy were surrounded by the soldiers. 敵人被士兵們包圍了。
The school is surrounded by (with) the wall. 學(xué)校的四周圍繞著高墻。
(10)the same…as…
和…相同
eg.
My pen is the same as yours. 我的鋼筆和你的一樣。
She goes to the same university as her father did. 她和她父親上的是同一所大學(xué)。
【注】the same…as…
指“同種類的事物”。
the same…that…
指“同一件事物”。
都可以引導(dǎo)定語從句
eg.
I have bought the same pen as you have.我買了一只和你的一樣鋼筆。
This is the same wallet that I lost a week ago.這個(gè)錢包跟我一星期前買的一樣。
(11)take ( get, gain)possession of the same…as…
拿到,占有,占領(lǐng)
eg He has taken possession of the whole house.他占了整個(gè)房子。
(12)settle in
vi & vt(可分開用)
1)(某人)遷入(新居,新環(huán)境)
2)使(某人)遷入(新居,新環(huán)境)
eg. The Smiths have settled in the new building.史密斯一家遷入了新居。
(13)sign an agreement with
…與…簽定合同(協(xié)議)
eg. I have signed an agreement with the company. 我已和公司簽定了合同。
(14)be celebrated as ( for) …
以…而馳名,作為 …而
eg.
celebrated as a hot spring resort.以溫泉?jiǎng)俚刂Q
celebrated for its hot springs.以其溫泉著稱的
(15)refer to…
指的是,論及,提及,參考,參閱
eg.
Are you referring to me? 你是指我說的嗎?
His name was referred to in the meeting.他的名字與本次會議有關(guān)。
He cooked dinner by referring to a cookbook. 他參考烹調(diào)書燒菜。
Please refer to the dictionary. 請參考(查)字典。
(16)in/with relation to
(文語)(prep)關(guān)于…,和…相關(guān),就…而論
(17)compare…with…
把…與…比較
eg. I compared the translation with the original.
我把譯文拿來和原文對照。
(18)stand for(不可用被動(dòng)語態(tài))表示,代表,代替,象征,為…的縮寫。
(19)with+n.+adj(doing)
此結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作定語或狀語。
eg.
To talk with your mouth full.(狀)
放開聲音講話。
New Zealand is an important agricultural country, with cattle farming on the North island.(狀)
新西蘭是一個(gè)重要的農(nóng)業(yè)國,它的北方島嶼上放牧著牛群。
(20)the majority
大多數(shù),大部分(與of連用)
(把全部當(dāng)作一個(gè)整體時(shí)視為單數(shù),當(dāng)作許多個(gè)體時(shí)視為復(fù)數(shù)。)
eg. The majority of students were(was)in different to the political meeting. 大多數(shù)學(xué)生對政治集會漠不關(guān)心。
(21)at an early age
=at an young age
少年時(shí)期
(22)be marked with
…留下記號
(23)of high quality質(zhì)量高
(24)turn to…(vt.)
1)向某人求助turn to sb. for help(advice)
2)把注意力(行動(dòng))導(dǎo)向,轉(zhuǎn)向
3)翻到(書頁)
eg.Please turn to 20
請將書翻到第20頁
(25)prepare for…
為…做好準(zhǔn)備
prepare sth. for sth. 為做某事把某物準(zhǔn)備好
prepare sb. for sth.使某人對某物有思想準(zhǔn)備
eg.
Please prepare for class. 請準(zhǔn)備上課。
You must prepare your pens and paper for having a dictation.你必須為默寫準(zhǔn)備好筆和紙。
The teacher prepared us for the test. 老師使我們對考試有思想準(zhǔn)備。
詞語辨析
1.It的用法小結(jié)
(1)it通常用來代替事物或指代我們不知道其性別的動(dòng)物,有時(shí)也用來指代嬰兒或較年幼的小孩。如:
Where is my map? I left it on the table. 我的地圖哪里去了?我把它留在桌子上了。Look at that bird. It always comes to my window. 看那只鳥。它總是飛到我的窗前來。Her new baby is tiny. It only weighs 2 kilos. 她剛生出的孩子特別小。只有兩公斤重。
(2)在下列句子中it 可以用于指代人。如:
Ann(on phone):who is it? 安(在打電話):你是誰。
Bill: It’s me . 比爾:是我。
-Is that Tom over there? 是湯姆在那里嗎?
-No, it’s peter. 不,是彼得。
(3)it用于表示時(shí)間、距離、天氣、溫度和潮水的說法中。如:
-What time is it? 現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了?
-It is six. 6點(diǎn)了。
-What’s the date? 今天是幾月幾號?
-It’s the third of March. 今天是3月3日。
-How far is it to York? 到約克有多遠(yuǎn)?
-It is 400 kilometers. 400公里。
-How long does it take to get there? 到那里需要多少時(shí)間?
-It depends on how you go. 這要看你怎么走。
It’s raining/snowing/freezing.下雨了/下雪了/要結(jié)冰了。
It’s frosty.有霜凍。
It is a fine night.今晚很晴朗。
It’s full moon tonight.今晚月圓。
In winter it’s/it is dark at six o’clock.今天6點(diǎn)鐘天就黑了。
It is hot/cold/quiet/noisy in this room. 這個(gè)房間里特別熱/冷/安靜/吵鬧。
It’s high tide/low tide.漲潮了/落潮了。
注意下列句子:
It’s/It is three years since I saw him.
相當(dāng)于:I haven’t seen him for three years.我已經(jīng)有三年沒見到他了。
2.By和before
(1)by a time/date/period:“在那一時(shí)刻/日期或時(shí)期之前”。這種表示方法濃暗指不遲于那一時(shí)刻或日期。
By常常和完成時(shí)態(tài)連用,尤其與將來完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。
(2)before:“在……之前”。可作介詞、連詞或副詞。如:
Before signing this…在簽署這個(gè)之前……(介詞)
Before you sign this…在你簽署這個(gè)之前……(連詞)
I’ve seen him somewhere before. 我以前在什么地方見到過他。
3.in, on 和to
in, on 和to 都可與表示“方位”的詞(如east, west, south, north)連用。
(1)表示 A在B的范圍內(nèi)(即A是B的組成部分之一)時(shí)用in.如:
Our school is in the west of the town.我們學(xué)校在城西。(學(xué)校屬城的一部分)
Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中國東部。(上海屬中國這個(gè)范圍)
(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)A和B兩地接壤時(shí),用on. 如:
Korea is on the east of China. 朝鮮與中國東部接壤。
Guangdong lies on the south of Hunan. 廣東位于湖南以南。
(3)A在B的范圍之外,兩者之間沒有所屬關(guān)系時(shí)用to。如:
Our school is to the west of the hospital. 我們學(xué)校在醫(yī)院的西面。(學(xué)校和醫(yī)院之間無所屬關(guān)系)
Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中國東面。(日本與中國之間無所屬關(guān)系)
4.有關(guān)“be made…”的詞組
(1)be made of 意為“由……制成”,從制成上能看出原材料來。如:
The chair is made of bamboo.那把椅子是用竹子做的。(從外表能看出是竹子)
(2)be made from意為“由……制成”,從制成品上看不出原材料來,即原材料的本質(zhì)已發(fā)生變化(多為化學(xué)變化)。如:
This paper is made from bamboo.這種紙暖和竹子做的。(從外表上看不出來是竹子)
(3)be made out of 意為“把……制成”,可代替上面的be madeof/from,在口語中常用。如:
the box is made out of iron.這盒子是鐵做的。
(4)be made into 意為“把……制成”,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成。主語是原材料,介詞賓語是成品,而上面三個(gè)短語的主語是成品,介詞賓語是原材料。如:
Waste products from factory can be made into road building material.工廠的廢品可以制成筑路的材料。
(5)be made up of意為“由……組成(構(gòu)成)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)由部分組成整體,可用于人或物。如:
Our class is made up of 56 students.我們班由56名同學(xué)組成。
A computer is made up of many different parts.電腦由很多不同的部件組成。
(6)be made in 意為“在(某地)制成”,后接地點(diǎn)名詞。如:
This car is made in China.這種汽車是在中國制造的。
(7)be made by 意為“由……制造”,后接指人的名詞,是動(dòng)作的施動(dòng)者。如:
This ship model is made by Lily.這個(gè)輪船模型是由莉莉做的。
5.same和similar
(1)same 用來表示事物毫無改變或完全相同。如:
I’ve still got the same car as I had before.我現(xiàn)在的汽車還原來的那輛。
These two banknotes look exactly the same, though one of them is counterfeit. 雖然這兩張鈔標(biāo)中有一張是假的,但它們看起來完全一樣。
(2)similar用來表示事物在多方面相同,但并非每一細(xì)節(jié)上都相同。如:
The birds are similar in appearance, but the male is more brightly colored.這種鳥在外表上都很相似,但雄鳥的色澤更為鮮艷。
6.go+現(xiàn)在分詞
表示“從事……”之意,這時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞作主語補(bǔ)足語。Go 之后所接的現(xiàn)在分詞均表示短暫而又愉快的活動(dòng)。如:jogging慢跑,fishing釣魚,dancing跳舞,skating溜冰,bowling打保齡球,shopping購物,sightseeing游覽,camping露營等。
I’ll go camping tomorrow.我明天去露營。
I’ll go shopping.我去逛商店。
Would you like to go skating with me ? 你想和我去溜冰嗎?
重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)解析
it作形式主語的用法
1.It可以引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句:
It was Peter who lent us the money.是彼得借了錢給我們。(不是保羅)
It’s today that he’s going.他是今天走。(不是明天)
It’s pilots that we need, not ground staff.我們需要的是飛行員,不是地勤人員。
2.如不定式是句子主語,通常把it置于句首,用作形式主語,而把不定式放在后面:
It is easy to criticize.批評是容易的。
It is better to be early. 寧早勿晚。
It seems a pity to give up now.現(xiàn)在放棄好像很遺憾。
如果將it+be置于find/think(that)之后通常be和that可省略:
He thought(that)it (would be )better to say nothing.他認(rèn)為不說話為妙。
We found it impossible to get visas.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)不可能拿到簽證。
3.如句子的主語是從句,通常把it置于句首,用作形式主語,而把不定式放在后面:
以下的用法是可以的:
That he hasn’t phoned its odd.令人感到奇怪的是他沒打電話。
That prices will go up is certain.價(jià)格肯定要上漲。
但是我們通常這樣說:
It’s odd that he hasn’t phoned.
It’s certain that prices will go up.
4.其他用法:
It never occurred to me that perhaps he was lying.我從沒想到過他可能是在說謊。
It struck me that everyone was unusually silent. 大家都異乎尋常地沉默使我感到吃驚。
5.It/this可代替句中前面提到過的短語、從句或動(dòng)詞。如:
He smokes in bed, though I don’t like it.(it=his smoking in bed) 他躺在床上抽煙、盡管我不喜歡他這樣。
He suggested flying, but I thougth it would cost too much.(it=flying)他建議坐收音機(jī)去,可我認(rèn)為這樣花費(fèi)太大。
6.it 還可以充當(dāng)非人稱動(dòng)詞的主語。如:
It seem似乎,看起來好像
It appears似乎,看來
It looks 顯得,好像
口語交際
問興趣愛好
1.Are you shopping on-line? 你喜歡在線購物嗎?
Yes. I find it very convenient.是的。我覺得在線購物很方便。
2.What are you interested in ? /What are your interests? 你有什么興趣?
I’m fond of painting and playing the guitar.我喜歡繪畫和彈吉他。
3.Do you often watch the NBA Games? 你經(jīng)?碞BA球賽嗎?
Yes ,I’m a big fan of the NBA Games.是的,我是個(gè)NBA的鐵桿球迷。
4.What’s your hobby? 你的愛好是什么?
My hobby is chatting in English on the Internet.我的愛好是用英語在網(wǎng)上聊天。
5.Do you have any hobbies? 你有什么愛好嗎?
I like swimming and bird-watching.我喜歡海灣和賞鳥。
6.What do you do in your spare time? 你在業(yè)余時(shí)間里做些什么?
Nothing special. I usually watch TV.沒什么特別的。我通?措娨。
7.Do you have any interests? 你有什么興趣嗎?
I have just one-photography. It’s expensive but it’s a lot of fun. 我只有一個(gè)愛好-攝影。花費(fèi)很多,但很有趣。
8.What’s your favourite sports? 你最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是什么?
Playing basketball.打籃球。
9.Which do you prefer, music or sports? 音樂和體育,你更喜歡哪一個(gè)?
I like music better.我更喜歡音樂。
10.Stamp - collecting is a hobby for many people. What about you?集郵是很多人的愛好。你的愛好呢?
For me , cycling is both a sport and a hobby. 對我來說,騎車既是一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)又是一項(xiàng)業(yè)余愛好。
11.Which is more interesting to you, surfing the Internet or computer games? 網(wǎng)上沖浪與電腦游戲相比哪一個(gè)你更有興趣?
12.I’m fond of reading novels, how about you? 我喜歡看小說。你呢?
I like writing novel.我喜歡寫小說。