Unit21Body language Grammar
一、動(dòng)名詞在句中作主語(yǔ)
Collecting stamps will cost you a lot of money.集郵將花費(fèi)你很多錢(qián)。
Driving a car isn’t as comfortable as traveling by train.
開(kāi)車(chē)旅行不如乘火車(chē)旅行舒服。
1． it作形式主語(yǔ)，當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了保持句子平衡，我們用it作為形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末。
It’s dangerous playing in the street.在街上玩是危險(xiǎn)的。
It’s no good arguing with him.與他爭(zhēng)論是沒(méi)有好處的。
必背句型：
It’s no use doing…= It’s of no use / It’s useless + to do sth.
It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of …doing sth..
It’s very difficult doing sth.. It’s nice doing sth.
注：能用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的句子比較少一些，主要用于no good, no use, useless, senseless, dangerous,waste等詞作表語(yǔ)的句子。
2．在下列句型中只能用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。
There is no+v-ing(…是不可能的) =It is impossible to do sth. =No one can …(or we can not…)
There is no joking about such matters.這種事開(kāi)不得玩笑。
There is no getting in touch with him和他取得聯(lián)系是不可能的。
注：動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。
二、 動(dòng)名詞在句中作表語(yǔ)
動(dòng)名詞在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)一般表示抽象的習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)常�？梢曰Q。
My job is teaching English.(Teaching English is my job.)我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。
三、 動(dòng)名詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)
They have finished doing their homework.他們已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。
Nothing can stop us from realizing the four modernizations in our country.
什么也不能阻止我們國(guó)家實(shí)現(xiàn)四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化。
1．在下面的及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)后面，只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
advise建議，admit承認(rèn)，allow允許，appreciate感謝，欣賞avoid避免，consider考慮，認(rèn)為，delay推遲，deny否認(rèn)，dislike討厭，enjoy喜歡，escape逃脫，excuse原諒，finish完成，forgive原諒，imagine想像，keep保持，mention提到，mind介意，miss錯(cuò)過(guò)，postpone延緩，practise練習(xí)，prevent阻止，resist 抵抗，risk冒險(xiǎn)，suggest建議，understand理解，can’t help doing sth.情不自禁地做……，can’t stand不能忍受，give up 放棄，put off 推遲，leave off 停止等。
I don’t allow smoking in my room.我不允許在我房?jī)?nèi)吸煙。
She can’t stand waiting for her friend for a long time.她不能忍受長(zhǎng)時(shí)間等候朋友。
Would you mind opening the window for me ?您介意替我把窗子打開(kāi)嗎？
Excuse my being late,please.=Excuse me for being late.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫襾?lái)遲了
Heavy rain prevented my visiting him yesterday.=Heavy rain prevented me from visiting him yesterday.昨天，大雨阻止了我拜訪他。
2．在介詞后面作賓詞，動(dòng)名詞常跟在一些固定詞組后作賓語(yǔ)。
（1）add to加上，be afraid of 怕（產(chǎn)生某種后果），be ashamed of為……感到羞愧,be busy(in)doing sth.忙于做某事,be clever at在……方面聰明,be engaged in從事于,be fond of喜歡,be good at擅長(zhǎng),be interested in對(duì)……感興趣,be proud of為……而驕傲,be successful in在……方面成功,be sick of對(duì)……感到惡心,be sentenced to宣判,be tired of厭煩,come to談到,depend on依靠,dream of夢(mèng)想,devote…to…把……貢獻(xiàn),excuse…for…為……而原諒，feel like愿意 ,get to開(kāi)始,hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)insist on堅(jiān)持,know of對(duì)……了解,keep…from…阻止……做……,persist in堅(jiān)持 ,set about 動(dòng)手去做, spend…on在……花費(fèi),spend…(in)doing sth.花……做某事, stop…from…阻止……做……,stick to堅(jiān)持,succeed in在……取得成功,thank…for… 為……而感謝……,think of 想到.
注：insist on 表示對(duì)要求、看法、意見(jiàn)或主張的“堅(jiān)持”；stick to 表示對(duì)“愿望、原則、決定、諾言、意見(jiàn)、理想或某種理論的堅(jiān)持不渝；persist in 表示對(duì)某種活動(dòng)堅(jiān)持不懈或?qū)δ撤N信念固執(zhí)不改。
表示“阻止某人做某事”的幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)中stop,prevent 后的from可以省略，而keep后的from不能省，因?yàn)閗eep sb. doing sth. 表示”使某人一直做某事”.
(2)在下面句型中也常用動(dòng)名詞.
There is no use/ need /harm/ hurry +in doing sth
There be/We have fun /some difficulty/some trouble/problem/pleasure/a good time/a hard time +in doing sth.
例如：
He is busy preparing his lessons.他忙于備課。
Einstein spent the rest of his life living in the USA. 愛(ài)因斯坦在美國(guó)度過(guò)他的晚年。
I had some difficulty in explaining the maths problem to him.
我費(fèi)勁地給解釋這道數(shù)學(xué)題。
The little girl is interested in drawing pictures.小姑娘對(duì)畫(huà)畫(huà)感興趣。
We look forward to going abroad.我們盼望出國(guó)。
Is there any hope of your team winning the match? 你們隊(duì)在比賽中有希望獲勝嗎？
He insists on no one knowing about the experiment. 他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為沒(méi)人了解有關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)的情況。
四、分詞在句中作表語(yǔ)
在系動(dòng)詞be,become,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,sound,appear等后面的現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般表示主動(dòng)或表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征。含有“令人……”之意，多數(shù)情況下主語(yǔ)為物：
The first impressions are most lasting.最初的印象歷時(shí)最久。
This piece of news is encouraging.這條消息鼓舞人心。
作表語(yǔ)的分詞大部分是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái)的，而且這類(lèi)分詞實(shí)際上已基本形容詞化。常見(jiàn)的有以下分詞：
amusing,astonishing,boring,disappointing,discouraging,encouraging,exciting,interesting,missing,promising,puzzling,shocking,surprising,striking等。
The novel is very interesting and we are all interested in it. 這本小說(shuō)很有趣，我們對(duì)它都很感興趣。
These colours are pleasing.這些色彩令人愉快。
作表語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別。
在系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)的特性，be 為系動(dòng)詞，可以換作其他的系動(dòng)詞。而在進(jìn)行進(jìn)態(tài)中，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，在句中與助動(dòng)詞be一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，此結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動(dòng)詞be不能換成其他的助動(dòng)詞。
The news is moving.這消息令人感動(dòng)。
（moving為表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特性）
His heroic deeds are moving us.他的英雄事跡正在感動(dòng)著我們。（moving為現(xiàn)在分詞，與助動(dòng)詞are構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)）
Unit21 Body language
Ⅰ．單詞拼寫(xiě)：根據(jù)下列句子所給漢語(yǔ)意思或所缺單詞的首字母，寫(xiě)出該單詞的正確形式。
1．You can pass on m ________ to others by your expressions and body movements, even if you can't talk.
2．In some Asian countries s ________ the head means “agreement”.
3．People now c ________ over long distances by means of telephone, telegraph, radio, television and E-mail as well.
4．The g ________ people use for “yes” and “no” are different around the world.
5．As is known to all, love and hate are opposite e ________.
6．The young lady went over to the window and l ________ against it.
7．I can still remember every ________（詳情）in my old dormitory room at school.
8．From this time on the man ________（避開(kāi)）fruitless discussions with such kind of people.
9．It is d ________ to talk of your headmaster as “the old man”.
10．It was c ________ of you to go skating on such thin ice.
Ⅱ、語(yǔ)法：從下列各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。
1．--What's made you so happy? -- ________ from my pen friend abroad.
A. Heard B. Hearing C. Because of hearing D. For hearing
2．I would appreciate ________ back this afternoon..
A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you're calling
3． ________ one's work properly may be worse than not doing it at all.
A. Not to do B. Do C. Not doing D. Doing
4．We never listen to Beethoven without ________.
A. being deeply impressed B. impressed deeply
C. having deeply impressed D. to be deeply impressed
5．It was not long ________ the rain stopped and the sun came out again.
A. when B. until C. before D. since
6．School children, ________ boys ________ girls, enjoy swimming in summer.
A. either; or B. whether; or C. like; and D. between; and
7．--Shall we travel to Shanghai by train?
--Why not ________ by air? That will be much faster and more convenient.
A. trying to go B. try to go C. try going D. to try going
8．English can help ________ people and make the stay in a foreign country easy and comfortable.
A. agree with B. communicate with C. write to D. belong to
9．He spoke slowly so that he could made them ________ him.
A. understood B. understanding C. understand D. to understand
10．Not you but I ________ invited to the pop concert.
A. is B. are C. am D. have
11． ________ the price of daily goods going up, people can't afford to buy expensive things.
A. With B. On C. By D. Since
12．--Not all body language, you know, ________ the same thing in different countries.
--Yes. It is said that nodding the head ________ “No” in some Asian countries.
A. meaning; means B. mean; is to say C. means; meaning D. means; is to say
13．Jack is a bright and diligent boy ________ his brother Tom is just the opposite.
A. while B. when C. as D. however
14．I would go to the concert but I ________ no time.
A. had B. had had C. have D. should have
15．The newly-built theatre is ________ the old one.
A. as twice big as B. twice more bigger than C. twice the size of D. twice so big as
Ⅲ、完成句子：
1、點(diǎn)頭表示同意，而搖頭表示不同意。
Nodding the head means agreement, ________ _________ ____ ____means disagreement.
2、跟他爭(zhēng)論沒(méi)用。It’s no use _________ ________ him.
3、--要我?guī)湍隳煤苄欣顔幔?--不了，謝謝，我自己能行。
--Shall I carry the luggage for you?
--No, thank you, but I _____ ________ _____ ___________.
4、你能給我詳細(xì)解釋一下這次事故發(fā)生的過(guò)程嗎？
Can you explain ______ _______ how the accident happened?
5、--要我?guī)湍銖?fù)習(xí)功課嗎？ --謝謝你，你真是太好了。
--Would you like me _______ _______ _______ ______ your lessons?
--Thank you. That’s ______ _____ _______ ________.
6、在課堂上做鬼臉是不允許的。_______ _______ is not permitted in class.
7、為了過(guò)冬，松要提前儲(chǔ)備很多食物。
Squirrels will store a lot of food ________ ________ ________ in order to get through the winter.
8、把頭揚(yáng)得很高的動(dòng)作表示某個(gè)人很驕傲。
________ ______ one’s head high means the person is very proud.
9、校與校之間教學(xué)方法都不同。
Teaching methods ________ greatly ________ school _____ school.
10、關(guān)于它是如何發(fā)生的，我們很迷惑。We are puzzled ______ _______ how it happened.
11、我們應(yīng)該保持文件的整齊。We should keep the files ________ _________.
12、它的確很重--你能幫我嗎？It’s really heavy-can you ______ _______ _______ ______?
13、他撕掉了那個(gè)布告。He _______ _______ the notice.
14、執(zhí)行這一計(jì)劃時(shí)，我們經(jīng)歷了許多困難。
We ____ _____ a lot of difficulties while working on this project.
15、健康的身體是最寶貴的。Nothing is _________ precious _________ health.
Ⅰ．1．messages 2．shaking 3．communicate
4．gestures 5．emotions 6．leaned
7．detail 8．a(chǎn)voided 9．disrespectful
10．crazy
Ⅱ．BCCAC／BCBCC／ADACC
完成句子：
1. while shaking the head 2. arguing with 3. can manage it myself 4. in detail 5. to help you with / very kind of you 6. Making faces 7. ahead of time 8. Holding up 9. vary… from …to 10. as to 11. in order 12. give me a hand 13. tore down 14. got through 15. more… than…
Unit21 Body language詞語(yǔ)辨析
1、meet/meet with
（1）.meet 意為“碰見(jiàn)”“遇見(jiàn)”“見(jiàn)到”。
e.g.I'm glad to meet you.很高興見(jiàn)到你。
He had never met a foreigner who spoke such perfect chinese.
他從來(lái)沒(méi)有遇見(jiàn)一個(gè)能說(shuō)這樣好的漢語(yǔ)的外國(guó)人。
而meet with則強(qiáng)調(diào)“偶然遇到”“碰到”(come across;meet sb.by chance)
e.g.I have met with this word many times in my reading.我在閱讀中多次碰到這個(gè)詞。
I had not seen him for years but met with him in the street yesterday.
我?guī)啄隂](méi)見(jiàn)他了，但昨天在街上碰到了他。
(2).表示主動(dòng)地去“接”或“迎接”要用meet。
e.g.I'll meet my uncle at the station.我將到車(chē)站接我叔叔。
I'm to meet the seven o' clock train.我去接7點(diǎn)鐘的火車(chē)。
而表示“遭到”“遭遇”(后接抽象名詞)，“受到”(=to receive)要用meet with。
e.g.He met with an accident when riding a bike.他在騎車(chē)時(shí)遇到了意外事故。
We met with a warm reception.我們受到了熱情的接待。
(3).表示一般性的“會(huì)見(jiàn)”“約見(jiàn)”“見(jiàn)面”，常用meet。
e.g.I didn't care to meet these people.我不愿見(jiàn)這些人。
I must be off.I'm meeting a comrade from Beijing at six.我得走了，我6點(diǎn)要會(huì)見(jiàn)一位北京來(lái)的同志。
但表示較正式的“會(huì)見(jiàn)”“會(huì)晤”，常用meet with。
e.g.He met with the Prime Minister of Japan for an hour.
他會(huì)見(jiàn)了日本首相一個(gè)小時(shí)。
(4).meet 還有“應(yīng)付”“滿(mǎn)足”“適應(yīng)”等意義，還可構(gòu)成習(xí)語(yǔ)make both ends meet (使收支平衡，維持生活)。
e.g.They didn't know how to meet the situation.他們不知道如何應(yīng)付這一局面。
We must try our best to meet the demand of the market.我們必須盡力滿(mǎn)足市場(chǎng)的需求。
They could hardly make both ends meet in the past.過(guò)去他們簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)法維持生活。
2.tear(at)/tear down/tear up
(1).tear為“撕，扯”意思，但tear可用于及物或不及物動(dòng)詞(常與at連用，只表“撕，扯”動(dòng)作本身，并未言及結(jié)果)。試比較：
Why did you tear the cloth when I had advised you to cut it with scissors?
為什么我勸你用剪子剪，你卻把布扯了。
He is tearing at something.他在扯什么東西。(并未言及結(jié)果)
(2).tear down短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，“拆毀，撕下”。
e.g.They are tearing down the old houses to make way for a new road.他們正在拆除那些舊房子，以便修一條新路。
He tore down the notice.他撕掉了那個(gè)布告。
(3).tear up短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“撕碎，撤銷(xiāo)”。
e.g.She tore up the letter as soon as she had read it.她看完信后就把它撕碎了。
He told the lawyer to tear up the old contract and prepare a new one.
他告訴律師撤銷(xiāo)舊合同，制訂一份新的。
另外，tear up 還有“(連根)拔起”之意。
e.g.An elephant can tear up a tree by the roots.大象能把一棵樹(shù)連根拔起來(lái)。
3.China/Chinese/China's/of China
代表國(guó)家的專(zhuān)有詞“China,China's,Chinese及of China”都可修飾名詞，但用法又有所不同。
首先我們對(duì)這四個(gè)詞做一個(gè)分析，China既可作名詞又可作形容詞，作名詞時(shí)意為“中國(guó)”，作形容詞時(shí)意為“中國(guó)的，中國(guó)產(chǎn)的”；Chinese同樣既可用作名詞，又可用作形容詞，作名詞時(shí)意為“中國(guó)人，漢語(yǔ)，中文”，作形容詞時(shí)意為“中國(guó)的，中國(guó)人的，漢語(yǔ)的，中文的”；China's是China作名詞時(shí)的所有格形式；of China是China作名詞時(shí)與of構(gòu)成的“of-結(jié)構(gòu)”，作名詞的后置修飾語(yǔ)，它們都可以修飾名詞，其主要區(qū)別如下：
1.China與Chinese
(1)兩者均可修飾名詞，并常構(gòu)成名詞固定短語(yǔ)，表示特殊意義。China表示“中國(guó)產(chǎn)的，來(lái)自中國(guó)的，中國(guó)土生土長(zhǎng)的”或“在中國(guó)流行式樣的”，一般指來(lái)源。
e.g.China silk 中國(guó)絲綢 China tea 中國(guó)茶 China rose 月季花
另外，也有些詞已形成單獨(dú)一個(gè)詞。 e.g.China town中國(guó)城，唐人街
但用Chinese時(shí)，一般指“與中國(guó)(人)有關(guān)的或具有中國(guó)(人)特點(diǎn)的”，側(cè)重于“具有中國(guó)特色的”，更多地是指文化方面，多用于人文。
e.g.Chinese calendar 農(nóng)歷，陰歷 Chinese classics 中國(guó)古典文學(xué)
(2)當(dāng)China與Chinese與后面的名詞構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)兩者可互用。
e.g.China ink=Chinese ink 墨
China wood oil=Chinese wood oil 桐油
但有時(shí)用China 或Chinese意義不同。
e.g.China policy 指其他國(guó)家的對(duì)華政策 American China policy 美國(guó)對(duì)華政策
Chinese policy 中國(guó)人自己所實(shí)行的政策
(3)China及Chinese均可構(gòu)成專(zhuān)有名詞
e.g.China Daily 中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào) China Centre Television 中央電視臺(tái)
Chinese Academy of Science 中國(guó)科學(xué)院 the Chinese Olympic Committee 中國(guó)奧委會(huì)
(4)Chinese除能構(gòu)成固定名詞短語(yǔ)及專(zhuān)有名詞之外，還具有普通形容詞的兩種意思：
a.“中國(guó)的、中國(guó)人的、中文的”
e.g.Chinese characters 漢字 Chinese food 中國(guó)食物
b.“中國(guó)風(fēng)味的”
eg.Chinese dishes 中國(guó)菜 a Chinese room 中國(guó)式建筑或房間布置
2.China's與Chinese的用法比較
(1)兩者都有“中國(guó)的”之意，但用China's時(shí)，一般把國(guó)家作為眾人構(gòu)成的集合體看待，并常用擬人用法。
e.g.China's reform 中國(guó)改革
China's foreign trade 中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易
而Chinese一般只是表達(dá)“中國(guó)的，中文的”等形容詞意義。
e.g.a Chinese girl 一個(gè)中國(guó)女孩
(2)有時(shí)在同一名詞前用China's或Chinese時(shí)意義不同。
e.g.China's chi-pao 中國(guó)生產(chǎn)的旗袍
Chinese chi-pao 中國(guó)式樣的旗袍(不一定中國(guó)生產(chǎn))
3.China's及of China
(1)China's一般用于人文或與人文有關(guān)的場(chǎng)合，而of China一般用于構(gòu)成所有格，表示所有關(guān)系。我們一般用the map of China而不用China's map。
(2)of China還常構(gòu)成一些專(zhuān)有名詞
e.g.the Communist Party of China 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨
the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國(guó)
the People's Bank of China 中國(guó)人民銀行
注意當(dāng)涉及到固定短語(yǔ)及專(zhuān)有名詞，在判斷用哪一種形式時(shí)，應(yīng)以字典為據(jù)。
4.would like,feel like
feel like和would like 都表示“想要干某事”。
(1)feel like 中的like是介詞,后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞.如:
I feel like sleeping/taking a walk.我想睡/散步。
I don’t feel like walking very much today.今天我不想走太多的路了。
Do you feel like having something to eat?你想要點(diǎn)東西吃嗎？
I feel like a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
I feel like some fish and chips for supper.晚飯我想吃些魚(yú)和土豆條。
It’s so hot. I feel like a swim.天真熱，我想去游泳。
（2）would like 中的like 是動(dòng)詞，后跟不定式或名詞。如：
What would you like to do now ?你現(xiàn)在想做什么？
I would like to have dinner with you.我想和你一起吃飯。
I would like to talk to you for a minute .我想和你談一下。
Would you like some help?你需要幫助嗎？
5.cause, reason
(1)cause是造成一種事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的“原因”。后接介詞of.如：
Carelessness is the usual cause of fire.造成火災(zāi)的原因通常是不謹(jǐn)慎。
Heat is the cause of the expansion of matter.熱是物體膨脹的原因。
（2）reason是說(shuō)明一種看法或行為的“理由”。后接介詞for.如：
You must tell him the reason why you won’t accept his offer.
你必須告訴他你為何拒絕他的提議。
6．get through, go through
I tried to telephone you but I couldn’t __________.
A.put through B.get through C.go through Dcome through 答案:B
(1)get through 和 go through 表示“通過(guò)（某地、議案等）；用完”時(shí)可互換使用。如：
The man was so fat that he couldn’t get/go through the door，那人胖得連那扇門(mén)都過(guò)不去。
The plan for this term will have to get/go through the leading group of the school。本學(xué)期計(jì)劃得經(jīng)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子通過(guò)。
I have got/gone through three pairs of shoes in a month..這一個(gè)月內(nèi)我穿壞了三雙鞋。
（2）get through 和 go through又各有其意義：
get through :通過(guò)考試；接通電話
I got through everything except English .除英語(yǔ)外我別的都極格了。
I can’t get through to Beijing.The line is busy.我打不通北京的電話，占線。
go through:檢查；看一遍；經(jīng)歷（困難，痛苦）
I went through my homework to make sure that nothing had been missed.我將作業(yè)檢查了一遍，以確定什么都沒(méi)有漏掉。
Go through the text from the beginning .把課文從頭看一遍。
She must have gone through a lot.她一定吃了不少苦。
7.loving,lovely,lovable
(1)loving意為“愛(ài)慕的；鐘情的；深情的�！比纾�
He gave her a loving kiss.他給了她一個(gè)深情的吻。
(2)lovely 意為“可愛(ài)的，美麗的；迷人的”。如：
The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden.
這幢房子有很多大房間，并有一個(gè)惹人喜愛(ài)的花園。
（3）lovable 意為“可愛(ài)的，惹人愛(ài)的”。多形容人或動(dòng)物。有時(shí)可以與lovely互換。
如：
She is a lovable child.她是個(gè)可愛(ài)的孩子。
It is a lovable kitten.它是一只可愛(ài)的小貓。
Step2近義詞填空
1.meet/meet with
(1)The farmer some difficulty.His crops need water badly.
(2)I want you some of my friends.
(3)They had to change the plan in order to the new situation.
(4)The Chinese leaders the foreign guests in the hall yesterday.
(5)The foreign guests a warm welcome when they arrived.
(6)Thank you very much for coming to me.
答案：(1)met with (2)to meet (3)meet (4)met with (5)met with (6)meet
2.occur / happen
(1)The December Ninth Movement _______ in 1936.
(2)Just as I was leaving the house it________ to me that Ihad forgotten my key.
(3)It so _______ that I had on money with ,e.
答案(1)happened/occurred (2)occurred (3)happened
3.emotion/felling/sense
(1)I don’t mean to hurt your _________.
(2)He has a fine ______ of humour.
(3)He spoke of his dead wife with deep______.
答案(1)feelings (2)sense (3)emtion
4.habit/custom
(1)Don't get into the of smoking.
(2)It is the for westerners to celebrate Christmas.
(3)He was in the of going for a walk before breakfast.
答案：(1)habit (2)custom (3)habit
簡(jiǎn)析：habit表示“習(xí)慣”，“習(xí)性”通常指?jìng)�(gè)人的習(xí)慣，一旦養(yǎng)成，便難戒除。其后常接of doing sth.。如“養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣”，get/fall into the habit of doing sth.或form the habit of doing sth.如表示“戒掉……的習(xí)慣”，可用fall/get out of the habit of doing sth.。custom表“風(fēng)俗”，“習(xí)慣”，常用來(lái)指某個(gè)國(guó)家、某個(gè)地方或某個(gè)社會(huì)的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，有時(shí)也指生活習(xí)慣，后面接動(dòng)詞不定式。
e.g.The western customs are different from the Chinese ones.
Unit 21 Revision
Step 1 Translate
1 匆忙的，慌忙的 2 隨文化的不同而變化
3 直視著某人 4 把頭靠在手背上
5 擺脫困境 6 感到悶悶不樂(lè)
7 按順序排放 8 拆除 ；拆毀
9 使某人突然想到 10 把。。。集中于。。。
11 詳細(xì)地 12 瘋狂的想法
13 彎腰 14 把A 和B 搞混
15 與某人聯(lián)絡(luò) 16 幫某人一個(gè)忙
17 把手指放在嘴上 18 朝某人揮拳頭
19 十指交叉合掌 20 聳聳肩
21 高昂著頭 22 面部表情
Step 2 Grammar (-ing)
一、動(dòng)名詞和不定式的區(qū)別
1、作主語(yǔ)
（1）兩者可互換， 但表示一次性的動(dòng)作多用不定式，表示一般性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作多用動(dòng)名詞
如：眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。
抽煙是難以該掉的一種習(xí)慣。________________________________________
你今天抽這么多煙不好。 ____________________________________________
(2) It’s no use\ good + V-ing 只能用動(dòng)名詞 ；It’s + adj. +(for sb.) + to do 一般用不定式
如：In a shop, it is important ____________________. (使顧客滿(mǎn)意是重要的)
It is no use __________________________. (現(xiàn)在考慮它沒(méi)有用)
2、作賓語(yǔ)
（1）常用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞有：mind, finish, enjoy, excuse, imagine, keep
practice, suggest, miss, consider, prevent, appreciate, advise, avoid 等
如：我們班長(zhǎng)建議對(duì)這個(gè)題目進(jìn)行討論。___________________________________
（2）常見(jiàn)的跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)有：give up, can’t help, insist on, devote to, stick to, be fond of, set about, look forward to, depend on, feel like, be proud of, be used to, prevent sb. from, succeed in, pay attention to, get to 等
如：我們都盼望著訪問(wèn)你們國(guó)家。_______________________________________
（3）常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：want, wish, agree, decide, begin, learn, pretend, ask, promise, plan, expect, refuse 等
如：他們計(jì)劃明年來(lái)中國(guó)。______________________________________
（4）一些動(dòng)詞既可用動(dòng)名詞也可用不定式，意思差不多：begin, start, continue, prefer, propose等
如：I prefer_______/ ___________ (go) there this evening.
（5）一些動(dòng)詞既可用動(dòng)名詞也可用不定式，意思不一樣：
①like, love, hate,不定式作賓語(yǔ)常表一次性動(dòng)作，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)常表習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作
如：他喜歡游泳，但他今天不喜歡游。__________________________________
②remember, forget, regret to do 要做而沒(méi)做
doing做過(guò)了
如：我忘記關(guān)燈了。_________________________
我記得已了關(guān)燈了。__________________________________
3、作表語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞、不定式作表語(yǔ)具有名詞性質(zhì)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容。主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，表示一次性的動(dòng)作，表語(yǔ)多用不定式；表示一般性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，表語(yǔ)多用動(dòng)名詞。
如：我今天的工作是給花園里的花澆水。_________________________________
我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。_______________________________________
4、邏輯主語(yǔ)：不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般由for/ of 介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成，而動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)由形容詞性物主代詞（或賓格代詞）和名詞的所有格（或名詞的普通格）來(lái)構(gòu)成。
如：It is important________________________________（我們學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)很重要）
Would you mind ________/ ________ (I) opening the window?
_________ (Mary) being late delayed our meeting.
5、完成式 動(dòng)名完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前； 一些動(dòng)詞可用動(dòng)名詞的一般式代替完成式：remember, forget, regret, excuse, thank, apologize 等；動(dòng)名詞的完成被動(dòng)式�？捎闷湟话闶絹�(lái)代替
如：He hated himself for not ___________ (work) hard.
She didn’t remember ________/________ (meet) him before.
He still remembers ___________/______________(praise) by a famous scientist.
6、否定式 動(dòng)名詞的否定式是在其前面加“not”, 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式為：not +to do
如：I must apologize for _________ （not let）you know ahead of time.
She pretended ______________ (not see) me when I passed by.
二、與動(dòng)名詞連用的一些常用句式
（1）idea / method / habit / purpose +of +V-ing
（2）way / pleasure / time / chance/ plan/ power +of+V-ing
（3）have + difficulty / trouble / problem/ fun/ pleasure/ a good time + (in)+ V-ing
（4）There is no need / use / harm / hurry / need + (in) + V-ing
（5）On + V-ing (一。。。。。就。。。。)
如：他知道一種學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的新方法。
我沒(méi)打算告訴他真相。
我們?cè)陂_(kāi)車(chē)通過(guò)雪地時(shí)遇到一些困難。
沒(méi)有必要等了，他不會(huì)來(lái)了。
一聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他禁不住笑了起來(lái)。
Step 3 Correction
1、I don’t feel like to go to the cinema tonight.
2、She is used to live in the village.
3、We hoped he being here would make the work easier.
4、I regret having not worker harder while young.
5、I’m thinking of go to visit my aunt.
6、I began knowing about the danger of pollution.
7、Remember posting the letter.
Unit 21 Body Language
Word study
Step1 New words
1 avoid vt 避免,逃避
盡量避免危險(xiǎn)/事故 Try to avoid ___________________
avoid doing sth
The schoolboy tried to avoid meeting with his teacher(與老師碰面).
2 contact n contact with sb / sth 接觸 聯(lián)系
get into contact with sb make contact with sb
be in contact with sb lose/ break contact with
他的手接觸到了熱的物體表面 His hand came into _______ ______ a hot surface.
Students must be brought ______ ______ _______ new ideas.
contact vt 聯(lián)系 Where can I contact you?
3 lean forward / back / to the left / to the right
lean out of the window ________________
lean against/on sth
a ladder leans ________ the wall / lean the ladder ________ the wall
4 ahead of 位置/時(shí)間
在我們前面有條河。 There was a river _______ _____ us.
我提前十分鐘到了。I arrived ten minutes ______ ______ time.
5 manage -- control 控制,管理,經(jīng)營(yíng)
The hotel is badly managed.
manage to do sth 設(shè)法做到= succeed in doing sth
was able to do sth
我及時(shí)趕到了。I ______ ______ ______ (get) there in time.
It's such a big cake. I don't think I can manage it by myself.(吃掉)
6 vary These coats vary in size /color.
vary form ... to ... The weather sometimes vary _____ very cold ______ quite mild.
vary with ... The price varied ______ the season. _____________
7 crazy be crazy about 對(duì)….狂熱
The boy is crazy about the singer.
8 part vt/vi 分開(kāi)，分離 n 部分
The policemen parted the crowd. ____________________
Only a part of his story is true. _____________________
9 tear down (tear tore torn) 拆毀，拆卸
A story moved us to tears（眼淚）
They are tearing down these old houses to build a new office building.
Tear sth up / tear sth into pieces / tear sth from /off sth /
10 bend
The branch bent but didn’t broke when the baby climbed along it.
Bend over / bend to
Don’t bend your knees ___ your enemy.
She was bending ____ a basin.
11 hold up / hold on /
hold up 舉起,拿起/舉起展示；提出（作榜樣）/阻礙或延誤
Hold up （打電話時(shí)用語(yǔ)）請(qǐng)等一下，不要掛上/堅(jiān)持
His son was held ___ as a model of hard work.
Road works on the high way are holding __ traffic.
Could you hold ___? I'll just see if the manager's in.
The student held ___ his hand to ask the teacher a question.
They managed to hold ___ until he arrived.
12 occur
Sth occur=Sth happen 發(fā)生
They said that the accident occurred / happened at midnight.
Sth occur to sb 某人突然想到 Sth happened to sb
我想到了一個(gè)好主意。 _________________________
You look unhappy. What __________ to you?
It occurred to sb that…/ to do sth.某人想起要做某事。
Didn’t it occur to you to close the window？
Sb happened to do sth____________ /It happened that ______________
13 get through 通過(guò),完成,到達(dá) / go through
They managed to ____ the bill through Congress.
The thieves were ________ _________ the contents of the bag.
Step2 Fill in the blanks
avoid / contact / manage / vary / part
occur / bend… to … / bend / … occur to / go crazy with
1 You can hardly _______ meeting her because you both work in the same office.
2 A number of changes _________ in the following years.
3 She _________ the money very well.
4 You should ______ your diet.
5 She _____ _______ ______ fear.
6 Touch your toes without _________ your knees.
7 He had to ______ himself ___ his father's will.
8 She has lost ________ with her son.
9 It ______ ___ me that we should go there more often.
10 The crowd _______and let us through.
Step3 Translate
1 請(qǐng)盡可能地避免錯(cuò)誤。
2 學(xué)生們必須和先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)保持聯(lián)系。
3 我提前一小時(shí)到了。
4 他終于完成了他的任務(wù)。
5 一開(kāi)始，工程師不得不拆卸掉機(jī)器。
6 這輛卡車(chē)堵塞了交通。
7 小張突然想去喝杯飲料。
8 我碰巧認(rèn)識(shí)路。