句型轉(zhuǎn)換題是中考英語試題中常見的題型之一,該題型主要考查學(xué)生對英語句型的掌握情況和靈活運用的能力。命題形式一般是給出一個英語句子,要求考生根據(jù)所提要求改寫這個句子。
核心知識
一、測試內(nèi)容
1.句子種類的轉(zhuǎn)換:將肯定的陳述句改為否定句。將陳述句改為感嘆句、一般疑問句、反意疑問句、或特殊疑問句(即對劃線部分提問)。將簡單句轉(zhuǎn)換為復(fù)合句。將并列句轉(zhuǎn)換為簡單句。將兩個簡單句合并為一個簡單句或復(fù)合句。
2.簡單句的幾種基本句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)換:如將主謂結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)橹飨当斫Y(jié)構(gòu),將雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)改為復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)等。
3.語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換:將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)或?qū)⒈粍诱Z態(tài)變?yōu)橹鲃诱Z態(tài)。
4.引語的轉(zhuǎn)換:將直接引語改為間接引語或?qū)㈤g接引語改為直接引語。
5.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換:在中考英語試題中,同義句轉(zhuǎn)換的題量較大,除了句型間的轉(zhuǎn)換外,有些是同義詞語間的轉(zhuǎn)換。
典型例題
二、解題方法
1.吃透原句。在答題時首先要弄清所給句子的句型結(jié)構(gòu)、主語的人稱和數(shù)、謂語動詞的形式、以及全句的意思。
2.明確要求。要看清楚題目的要求,弄懂題意,不要盲目動筆。
3.對“癥”下“藥”。即針對不同的要求采用不同的方法。
(1)將肯定句改為否定句時,除要正確使用謂語動詞的否定形式外,還要將句中的some改為any,將something改為anything等。例如:
There is some rice in the bowl.→
There isn’t any rice in the bowl.
They bought something in the supermarket.→
They didn’t buy anything in the supermarket.
(2)將陳述句改為一般疑問句時,要根據(jù)陳述句中的謂語動詞及其時態(tài)形式確定其疑問式,同時還要注意將原句中的some改為any,將something改為anything等。例如:
I’ve got some money with me.→
Have you got any money with you?
Mr.Wang said something about the accident at themeeting.→
Did Mr.Wang say anything about the accident at the meeting?
(3)將陳述句改為反意疑問句時,除了遵循陳述部分若為肯定式,疑問部分則用否定式和陳述部分若為否定式,疑問部分則用肯定式的原則外,還要注意:當陳述部分含有l(wèi)ittle,few,no,nothing,never等否定意義的詞時,疑問部分要用肯定形式。另外,還要注意部分情態(tài)動詞的特殊情況,如當陳述部分為must be,表示對現(xiàn)在情況的推測,作“一定”或“肯定”
講時,疑問部分的動詞一般用be的相應(yīng)否定形式,而不用mustn’t。例如:
Tom likes reading,doesn’t he?
There weren’t any mice in the room,were there?
There is little water in the cup,is there?
They must be in the reading-room,aren’t they?
(4)對劃線部分提問時,可按一定、二移(或加)、三變化、四刪除的步驟進行。第一步“定”,就是根據(jù)劃線部分的內(nèi)容確定適當?shù)囊蓡栐~。如問時間用when或what time,問地點用where,問價錢用howmuch,問年齡用how old,問原因用why,問“做什么事”用what…do/does/did等。第二步“移(或加)”,就是將句子結(jié)構(gòu)改為一般疑問句的形式,如果謂語部分含有系動詞be,助動詞be,will,have或情態(tài)動詞時,則將這類動詞移到句首。如果謂語動詞是行為動詞,則需在主語前加助動詞do,does或did。但是,如果劃線部分是原句的主語或主語部分的定語,則不需要這一步。第三步“變化”,即對句子中某些詞作相應(yīng)的變化,除了將謂語動詞變?yōu)樵蝿釉~外,還要注意將原句中句首單詞(專有名詞除外)的首字母改為小寫,將句中的some變?yōu)閍ny,將句號變?yōu)閱柼柕。第四步“刪除”,就是去掉被疑問詞替換的劃線部分的詞。例如:
My uncle has been to Hong Kong twice.→
How many times has your uncle been to Hong Kong?
It took the artist half an hour to draw the beautifulhorse.→
How long did it take the artist to draw the beautifulhorse?
Her mother is a nurse.→
What is her mother?
The children are playing football on the playground.→
Where are the boys playing football?
He read some newspapers in the reading room.→
What did he do in the reading-room?
(5)將陳述句變?yōu)楦袊@句時,首先要確定是用what還是用how開頭。如果強調(diào)部分的中心詞是名詞,就用what;若是形容詞或副詞,則用how。然后將所強調(diào)的部分移至what或how之后,要注意去掉修飾這一形容詞或副詞的副詞。例如:
He is a very good teacher.→
What a good teacher he is!
They danced quite well.→
How well they danced!
(6)將簡單句變?yōu)閺?fù)合句或?qū)?fù)合句變?yōu)椴⒘芯浠蚝唵尉鋾r,既要注意句子的結(jié)構(gòu)變化,又要注意不能改變句子的意思。要重視一些常用連詞和動詞的非謂語形式的用法。例如:
We think it true.→
We think that it is true.
If you use your head,you’ll find a way.→
Use you head,then you’ll find a way.
He was so angry that he couldn’t say a word.→
He was too angry to say a word.
(7)將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,謂語動詞變?yōu)閎e+過去分詞”形式,這里的be除了要與原句在時態(tài)上保持一致外,還要與句子的主語在人稱和數(shù)等方面保持一致。例如:
They have set up a new primary school in myhometown.→
A new primary school has been set up in myhometown.
(8)將直接引語改為間接引語時,除了要對人稱代詞、動詞時態(tài)、時間狀語和地點狀語等作相應(yīng)的變化外,有時還要更改相應(yīng)的謂語動詞或?qū)⒅^語動詞改為非謂語形式。例如:
The teacher said,“Will you come here next Sunday?”→
The teacher asked me whether I would go there thenext Sunday.
The woman said to the boy,“Go away.”→
The woman ordered the boy to go away.
(9)在作同義詞語的轉(zhuǎn)換時,首先要理解原句的意思,然后根據(jù)原句的意思和要補全句子的結(jié)構(gòu)填入所缺少的詞,使兩句意思相同或相近。例如:
My father drives to work every day.→
My father goes to work by car every day.
May I borrow your bike,please?→
Can you lend me your bike, please?
4.仔細檢查。一是從所寫答案是否符合題目的要求方面來檢查。二是從句子的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)方面來檢查。三是從單詞的拼寫與標點符號的使用方面來檢查。四是將兩個句子相互對照來檢查。如先看“對劃線部分提問”的答案(問句),再看原句(答句),這樣一問一答,容易判斷正誤。