狀語從句
狀語從句不僅是初中英語學習的重點,而且也是每年中考必考的內(nèi)容之一。從筆者研讀歷年全國各地中考英語試題對狀語從句的考查內(nèi)容來看,命題主要集中在引導狀語從句的連詞、狀語從句的時態(tài)等方面;從九大狀語從句來看,同學們應(yīng)將復習重點放在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句和比較狀語從句這四種上。
核心知識
一、對時間狀語從句的考查
1.要點:
1)引導時間狀語從句的連詞有:while, when,as,as soon as,until,not...until,before, after,since,etc.要掌握每個連詞的含義及其用法,還有它們之間的一些區(qū)別。
2)when,while,as的區(qū)別:
①三者均可表示“當……的時候”,如果主句表示的是短暫的動作,而從句表示的是一段時間,三者可通用。如:
I met Kang Li as/when/while I was walking along the street.當我沿街散步時碰見了康麗。
②as和when都可與終止性動詞連用, while只能與延續(xù)性動詞連用。如:
It was snowing when we got to the airport.當我們到達機場時,天正下著雪。(不能用 while)
③as強調(diào)主句與從句表示的動作同時發(fā)生;while強調(diào)主句表示的動作持續(xù)于while所指的整個時間內(nèi);when可指主、從句所述動作同時或先后發(fā)生。如:
He sang as he went along.他邊走邊唱。
Please write while I read.我讀的時候,請寫下來。
When he reached home,he had a little rest.回到家后,他休息了一會兒。
3)until和till在肯定句中表示“直到……為止”,主句要用延續(xù)性動詞;在否定句中,表示“直到……才”,主句常用終止性動詞,這時till和until可用before替換。如:
I waited till/until he arrived.我一直等到他到來。
We won't start until/till/before Bob comes.鮑勃到來之前,我們不會動身。
4)since從句中常用過去時,主句用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時;如果主句是一般將來時,情態(tài)動詞加動詞原形或祈使句時,時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。如:
Where have you been since I saw you last?上次我和你見面之后,你到哪里去了?
I'll phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua.我一到通化就給你打電話。
2.考例:(所有考例取自2001、2002年全國各省市中考英語試題)
1)我一到美國就給你打電話。(北京市海淀區(qū))
I'll ring you up ______ soon ______ I get to America.
2)昨天直到雨停了,孩子們才離開學校。(同上)
The children ______ leave school ______ the rain stopped yesterday.
3)It ______ ten years since they ______ to France.(河北)
A.a(chǎn)s;covered
B.was;have moved
C.is;have moved
D.is;moved
4)He ______ wait until the rain ______ .(南京市)
A.won't;will stop
B.won't;stop
C.will;stops
D.will;will stop
二、對條件狀語從句的考查
1.要點:引導條件狀語從句的連詞有if(如果)、unless(除非)等,unless在意義上相當于if...not。條件狀語從句也像時間狀語從句一樣,如果主句用將來時,從句要用現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。如:
You will fail unless you study hard.(=Y(jié)ou will fail if you don't study hard.)除非你努力學習,否則你會失敗。
2.考例:
1)He will go to the Great Wall if it ______ tomorrow.(北京市宣武區(qū))
A.won't rain
B.doesn't rain
C.don't rain
D.isn't raining
2) ______ you eat old food,you may be ill.(湖南)
A.Before
B.Why
C.If
D.Which
三、對比較狀語從句的考查
1.要點:引導比較狀語從句的連詞有as...a(chǎn)s,than。
1)表示甲與乙在某一方面相同時,用“as+原級+as”句型;表示甲在某一方面不如乙時,用“not as /so +原級+as”句型。如:
Dalian is as beautiful as Shenzhen.大連和深圳一樣的美。
I don't run as/so fast as Kang Li.我不如康麗跑得快。
2)表示甲超過或不及乙時,用“比較級+從句”(從句中常省略意義與主句相同的部分)。如:
He runs faster than you(do).他跑得比你快。
Today is less cold than yesterday.今天沒有昨天冷。
2.考例:
1)Jack runs as ______ as Tom.(北京市宣武區(qū))
A.fast
B.faster
C.fastest
D.much faster
2)30,000dollars is a large amount of money,but it's ______ than we need.(上海市)
A.for more
B.very much
C.far less
D.very little
四、對結(jié)果狀語從句的考查
1.要點:引導結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有so...that(如此……以致于),such...that(如此……以致于)等。常用句型:
so+形容詞/副詞+that從句
such a/an +形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ that從句
such+形容詞+復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句
so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句
He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him.他講得太快,我跟不上。
He told us such funny stories that we all laughed.
他給我們講了那么多有趣的故事,我們?nèi)脊笮Α?/p>
2.考例:
1)這山太高,我們很難到達山頂。(四川)
This mountain is ______ ______ that we can ______ ______ the top.
2)Miss Gao asked a question,but it was ______ that nobody could answer it.
A.very difficult
B.too difficult
C.difficult enough
D.so difficult
五、對其它狀語從句的考查
還有五種狀語從句:地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、方式狀語從句、讓步狀語從句。
1.要點:
1)掌握常用的引導詞:
① 引導地點狀語從句的有:where(在哪里),wherever(無論何地),etc.如:
Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者,事競成。
Wherever you go,I go too.無論你去哪里,我都去。
②引導原因狀語從句的有because,as, since(因為),etc。because;卮饂hy引導的疑問句,該從句一般位于主句后;since比as正式,兩者不回答why引導的問句,而且其從句一般放在句首。如:
-Why can't I go?為什么我不能去?
-Because you're too young.因為你年紀太小了。
As(Since)you are not feeling well,you'd better stay at home.
既然你不太舒服,還是留在家里的好。
③引導目的狀語從句的有so that(以便)等。如:
I packed him a little food so that he wouldn't be hungry.
我給他包了一點食物,讓他不致挨餓。
④引導方式狀語從句的有as(按照)等。如:
I will do it as you tell me.我將照你說的做。
⑤引導讓步狀語從句的有though/although(雖然),even though(盡管),whoever/ no matter who(無論誰),however/no matter how(無論怎樣),whatever/no matter what(無論什么)等。如:
Though it's hard work,I enjoy it.盡管這工作很辛苦,我還是很喜歡。
No matter how hard the work was,he never gave it up.不管工作多么艱難,他都從不放棄。
2)because不能與并列連詞so,though /although不能與but同時在句中使用。如:
She was late for school because she missed the bus.
{
She missed the bus,so she was late for school.
It's not cheap,but it's very good.
{
Though it's not cheap,it's very good.
2.考例:
1)I can't understand this passage _____ there are no new words in it.(安徽)
A.if
B.because
C.though
D.a(chǎn)nd
2)“Why did Li Lei use a pencil?”“ _____ his pen was broken.”(福州市)
A.Because
B.When
C.Until
D.If
六、對狀語從句和賓語從句、簡單句、并列句的混合考查
【考點1】區(qū)分when,if引導賓語從句和狀語從句的不同:when引導時間狀語從句意為“當……時候”,引導賓語從句意為“什么時候”;if引導條件狀語從句意為“如果”,引導賓語從句意為“是否”。如:
1.-Mike wants to know if _____ a picnic tomorrow.
-Yes.But if it _____ ,we'll visit the museum instead.(河北)
A.you have;will rain
B.you will have;will rain
C.you will have;rains
D.will you have;rains
2.-Do you know when he _____ back tomorrow?
-Sorry,I don't.When he _____ back, I'll tell you.(安徽)
A.comes;comes
B.comes;will come
C.will come;comes
D.will come;will come
【考點2】狀語從句和賓語從句、狀語從句和簡單句、并列句的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。如:
1.A:He is too young to go to school.
B:He is _____ young _____ he can't go to school.(四川)
2.A:Tom is the tallest in his class.
B:Tom is _____ _____ any other student in his class.(四川)
3.A:The box is so light _____ that the boy can carry it.
B:The box is light for the boy to carry.(南京)
4.A:Put on your coat,or you'll catch a cold.
B: _____ you _____ put on your coat, you'll catch a cold.(上海)
典型例題
Key:
狀語從句的復習重點及中考熱點透視
一、2.1)as;as 2)didn't;until/till/before 3)D 4)C
二、2.1)B2)C
三、2.1)A2)C
四、2.1)so high;not reach 2)D
五、2.1)C 2)A
六、【考點1】1.C 2.C【考點2】1.so;that 2.taller than 3.enough 4.If;don't