王青
【New words and expressions】生詞和短語（11）
jazz n. 爵士音樂
musical adj. 音樂的
instrument n. 樂器
clavichord n. 古鋼琴
recently adv. 最近
damage v. 損壞
key n. 琴鍵
string n. （樂器的）弦
shock v. 使不悅或生氣，震驚
allow v. 允許，讓
touch v. 觸摸
★jazz n. 爵士音樂
a kind of music
★musical adj. 音樂的
musical student 有音樂天賦的人
music student 學(xué)音樂的人（the student who learned music）
★instrument n. 樂器
instrument=musical instrument
instrument 常用的意思是“器械”、“器具”，尤指醫(yī)療、機(jī)器等方面的。也可用來泛指各種樂器。
★clavichord n. 古鋼琴, 不是現(xiàn)代的piano
a kind of instrument
★recently adv. 最近
recently=lately
★damage v. 損壞
① n. 損害，損失，傷害
The storm has done a lot of damage to the village.
② vt. 損害，毀壞，損壞
The car was badly damaged in the accident.
★key n. 琴鍵
① n. 琴鍵
② n. 鑰匙，答案
key to the door 門鑰匙
Do you know the key to the question?
③ adj. 關(guān)鍵的
key structure
★shock v. 使不悅或生氣, 震驚
① v. 使不悅或生氣, 震驚
跟人的情緒有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞的賓語往往是“人” (以sth.為主語)
The news shocks me. 這個(gè)消息使我震驚
② adj. 令人震驚的
It is shocking.
③ adj. 感到震驚
凡是能夠用“人” 做賓語, 又是表示人的情緒活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞, 有兩個(gè)形容詞形成：令人……（V+ing）；感
到……（V+ed）
I'm shocked.
④ n. 震驚
get a shock
sb. get a shock 某人很吃驚
shock 必指壞事, 令人不悅, 生氣的
surprise 好事壞事都可以, 只要你沒有料到的
I want to give you surprise.
★allow v. 允許, 讓
allow doing sth.
Smoking is allowed.＝people allow smoking
allow sb. to do sth. / sb.be allowed to do sth.
allow常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)
You are allowed to smoke(被動(dòng)語態(tài))
You are not allowed to enter the room if you don't take the card with you
★touch v. 觸摸
① vt.&vi. 觸摸，碰
You are not allowed to touch the vase.
② vt. 談及，涉及，關(guān)系到
A rise in the cost of living touches everyone. 生活費(fèi)用的增加與每個(gè)人都有關(guān)系。
【Text】
We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord
is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my
grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys
too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is
being repaired by a friend of my father's.
參考譯文
我家有件古樂器, 被稱作古鋼琴, 是1681 年德國造的. 我們的這架古鋼琴存放在起居室里. 我們家有
這件樂器已經(jīng)很久了, 是我祖父在很多年以前買的. 可它最近被一個(gè)客人弄壞了, 因?yàn)樗盟鼇韽椬嗑羰?/p>
樂. 她在擊琴鍵時(shí)用力過猛, 損壞了兩根琴弦. 我父親大為吃驚, 不許我們再動(dòng)它. 父親的一個(gè)朋友正在修
理這件樂器.
【課文講解】
1、It is called a clavichord.
call在這里的意思是“把……稱為”、“稱呼”，既可用于主動(dòng)態(tài)，也可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
call sb.sth./sb.be called 稱某人為……，什么被稱為……
What do you call this? 你們把這稱為什么？
2、It has belonged to our family for a long time.
belong 是一個(gè)表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，而不是行為動(dòng)詞，所以不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，常用的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和
現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)。
This farm belongs to me and it belonged to my father before me.
3、She tried to play jazz on it!
play n. 玩，演奏（樂器_____等）
① 跟球類連用, 直接+球類;
② 跟樂器連用, +the+樂器, 演奏樂器而非音樂
③ play music on + 樂器, 一定要用“on”
【Key structures】
被動(dòng)語態(tài)
主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)皆指動(dòng)詞的形式而言。在主動(dòng)句中，動(dòng)詞的主語是執(zhí)行動(dòng)作的人或物；在被動(dòng)句
中，動(dòng)作是對主語執(zhí)行的。
被動(dòng)語態(tài)由be的一種形式和過去分詞構(gòu)成。主動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)用法規(guī)則也適用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。動(dòng)詞作及物
動(dòng)詞用時(shí)才能構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如果要說明是什么人或什么東西做了某事，則用“by+行為主體”結(jié)構(gòu)�！靶�
為主體”也可以不表示出來。
【Special Difficulties】
與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的made連用的幾個(gè)介詞
made in表示產(chǎn)地或時(shí)間
It was made in Germany.
made of表示用某種材料制成（通常指制造后不改變該材料原來的性質(zhì)或形狀）
The tea pot is made of silver.
made from表示用數(shù)種材料制成，或者是制造后改變了材料原來的性質(zhì)或形狀
Paper can be made from wood.
made by表示由誰制造
This cake was made by my sister.
be made into 被制成……
The gold is made into a ring.
雙重所有格
雙重所有格/雙重屬格: 名詞+of+名詞所有格(名詞性的物主代詞)
英語中通常用-’s 和of結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有格。-’s 結(jié)構(gòu)通常用在人名和表示人稱的名詞的末尾，而of結(jié)構(gòu)
則常與無生命的名詞連用。
-’s結(jié)構(gòu)的所有格可用于of結(jié)構(gòu)之后，稱為雙重所有格。在名詞前面，可以用a，this，that，these，some，
any，no等，但不用the。
He is a friend of mine. 含有“他是我的一個(gè)特殊的或惟一的朋友”之意。
He is no friend of mine. 含義是“我根本不認(rèn)識他”或“他是我的敵人”
強(qiáng)調(diào)很多當(dāng)中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)的時(shí)候, 選用雙重屬格結(jié)構(gòu)
a friend of my father/my father's friend(s) 只有一個(gè)朋友
a friend of my father's 很多朋友中的一個(gè)
It happened to a friend of mine. 我的很多朋友中的一個(gè)
【Multiple choice questions】
7 We are not allowed to touch it. We ___a___ touch it.
a. mustn't b. mustn't to c. haven't to d. don't have to
肯定結(jié)構(gòu)中must和have to是一個(gè)概念；否定結(jié)構(gòu)中must 和have to就不一樣了，mustn't:不準(zhǔn), 不可以；
have to的否定：don't have to 不必(have實(shí)意動(dòng)詞)
You don't have to go to school. 今天你不必去上學(xué)
You mustn't go to school. 今天你不許去上學(xué)
9 It's kept in the living room. That's where we ___a___ it.
a. have b. hold c. lift d. carry
keep(kept,kept) v. 保持，保存
keep sth.+地點(diǎn)在某地放……(狀態(tài))
put v. 放(動(dòng)作)；lift v. 舉起；carry v. 扛著, 背著, 抱著
hold v. 擁有, 持有, 握著；have v. 擁有
That's后面+以特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句
That's where 那就是……的地方
That's why 那就是……的原因
10 The visitor damaged it. She ___c___ it.
a. hurt b. pained c. broke d. destroyed
damaged：可以修復(fù)
destroy：無法修復(fù)
pain：有身體的疼痛
broke：打破, 打斷, 打碎
I broke my leg.
★hurt
① hurt oneself/身體的某個(gè)部位……受傷
Hurt my leg.
② 身體的某個(gè)部位+hurt ……疼痛
My hand hurts.
③ hurt feelings 傷害……感情，……受傷