【知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)】
一、重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語(yǔ)
1．manage 的用法小結(jié)：
（1）經(jīng)常用作及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“管理；處理； 支配”。常接名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
例如：
He managed the supermarket when the owner was away.
當(dāng)主人不在的時(shí)候，他管理這個(gè)超級(jí)市場(chǎng)。
She doesn’t know how to manage her children.
她不知道如何管理自己的孩子。
（2）表示“能應(yīng)付，設(shè)法做成某件事”時(shí)，常用“manage to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，而且常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
例如：
The pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time.
這位飛行員設(shè)法繞氣球飛了一陣。
At first, no ready technical data were available, but we managed to go without.
起初,我們沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的技術(shù)資料,但也設(shè)法照樣干下去了。
He managed to avoid an accident. 他設(shè)法避免了一場(chǎng)事故。
（3）manage to do sth. 與try to do sth.的區(qū)別：前者強(qiáng)調(diào)設(shè)法完成了某件事情，表示結(jié)果等于詞組“succeed in doing sth.”；而后者強(qiáng)調(diào)盡力去做某件事情，表示動(dòng)作;相當(dāng)于“do one’s best to do sth”。
例如：
We managed to get there on time.
我們?cè)O(shè)法按時(shí)到達(dá)了那里。（結(jié)果是按時(shí)到達(dá)了。）
We tried to get there on time.
我們盡力想按時(shí)到達(dá)那里。（不知是否成功。）
2． ahead的用法小結(jié)：
（1）作為副詞使用，ahead表示“在前；向前；提前”的意思。
例如：
Walk straight ahead until you reach the river. 一直朝前走到河邊。
The road ahead was full of cattle. 前面的路上擠滿(mǎn)了牛群。
（2）“ahead of”的意思是“在…之前，超過(guò)”。
例如：
Our company is ahead of other makers of spare parts for the airplane.
我們公司制造飛機(jī)零部件比別家的業(yè)績(jī)好。
He is ahead of his times in his ideas. 他的思想走在時(shí)代的前列。
（3）get ahead表示“前進(jìn)，成功，發(fā)跡”。
例如：
He got ahead in his study.
他在學(xué)習(xí)方面成功了。
（4）go ahead表示“前進(jìn)，干吧，用吧”。
例如：
--May I borrow your bike?
--Yes, go ahead.
二、詞義辨析
1．match, suit與fit的區(qū)別：這三個(gè)詞都有“適合、匹配”的意思。
（1）match多指大小、色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等方面的搭配。
例如：
They are equally matched in their knowledge of Chinese.
他們?cè)谥形牡脑煸勆舷嗟取?/p>
This hotel can't be matched for friendliness.（引申意義）
這家旅館良好的服務(wù)態(tài)度是無(wú)與倫比的。
（2）suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、條件、地位等。
例如：
That'll suit me fine. 那對(duì)我太合適了。
No dish suits all tastes. 眾口難調(diào)。
（3）fit多指尺寸、形狀合適，引申為“吻合、協(xié)調(diào)”。
例如：
Her new coat didn't fit, so she took them back to the shop and changed them for another one.
"她那件上衣不合穿,所以她去商店換了一件。"
Your trousers fit well. 你的褲子很合身。
The shoes don't fit him, they are too small.
這雙鞋子他穿不合腳，太小了。
2．unlike與dislike、like的區(qū)別：
（1）unlike可以作介詞和形容詞，意思是“不相似的、不同的”。
例如：
She is unlike her mother; she is tall and her mother is very short.
她不像她媽媽?zhuān)凰芨�，而她媽媽很矮�?/p>
They gave unlike accounts of the incident.
他們對(duì)這件事情的描述各不相同。
（2）dislike可以用作動(dòng)詞和名詞，但不能用作介詞，是“不喜愛(ài)、厭惡”的意思。
例如：
Some people dislike big cities.�。ㄗ鲃�(dòng)詞）
有些人不喜歡大城市。
She strongly disliked being spoken to like that. �。ㄗ鲃�(dòng)詞）
她很不喜歡別人對(duì)她這樣說(shuō)話(huà)。
I felt a strong dislike of the new teacher. �。ㄗ髅~）
我感到很不喜歡這個(gè)新教員。
（3）dislike與like不同。后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，dislike習(xí)慣上只接動(dòng)詞-ing形式，不能接動(dòng)詞不定式，特別在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中更是如此。
例如：
I dislike having to get up so early.
我不喜歡那么早起床。
三、重點(diǎn)句型
1．There are also differences as to how often we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet and part.
注意此句中how引導(dǎo)的幾個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)；另外，名詞difference的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示具體的不同點(diǎn)，如果difference表示“不同”這個(gè)概念，則是不可數(shù)名詞，無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2．And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend.
“There is nothing better than to do…”此處表示“沒(méi)有比…更好的了”。
例如：
There is nothing better than to sit in a pub drinking.
沒(méi)有比坐在酒吧里喝酒更好的事了。
3．Words a are important, but the way a person stands, folds his or her arms, or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings.
此句中用了幾個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要注意英語(yǔ)并列成分的規(guī)則：除了最后一個(gè)并列成分之前用一個(gè)并列連詞以外，前面的并列成分都可以用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。
再如：
While they were walking, they were talking, laughing and playing games. （并列的-ing形式）
Note: 要注意并列的成分的前后一致性，這是單項(xiàng)填空的�？碱}型。
四、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)
(一) 動(dòng)詞的-ng形式作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)：
1）動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常表示概括性的或者一般性的行為。例如：
Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方與北方開(kāi)戰(zhàn)了。
Losing her new bicycle made her so upset.
她的新自行車(chē)丟了，搞得她心煩意亂。
2）動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，又可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。 某些動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后常接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。
例如：
Would you mind turning on your radio, please? I want to hear the hour’s news.
請(qǐng)你打開(kāi)收音機(jī)好嗎？我想聽(tīng)聽(tīng)本時(shí)的新聞。
The sparrow was so lucky that it just missed being caught.
那只麻雀真幸運(yùn)，它剛好沒(méi)有被射中。
3）動(dòng)詞的-ing形式可以作表語(yǔ)，表示“什么事是某事”。
例如：
Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.
她的工作是洗衣服、打掃衛(wèi)生和看小孩。
Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。
（二）動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)：
動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一定是句子的主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞的-ing形式可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式或者伴隨等情況，v-ing與句子的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系。
例如：
As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
由于沒(méi)有收到他的信，我給他打了電話(huà)。
If more attention was given to them, the trees could have grown better.
如果多多護(hù)理的話(huà)，這些樹(shù)本來(lái)能夠長(zhǎng)得更好的。
Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
假如多給些照顧，那些樹(shù)會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。
Many people come to the theme parks, looking for thrills and entertainment.
許多人來(lái)到主題公園尋求刺激和娛樂(lè)。
（三）動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語(yǔ)：
單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)，常位于被修飾的詞前；-ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾的詞后。
例如：
We can see the rising sun. 我們可以看到從東方升起的太陽(yáng)
He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
There was a girl sitting there. 有個(gè)女孩坐在那里。
This is the question given. 這是所給的問(wèn)題（個(gè)別分詞如given, left等，盡管是單個(gè)的，但常放在被修飾的詞后面）
There is nothing interesting. 沒(méi)有有趣的東西（修飾不定代詞的詞，常放在被修飾的詞后）
（四）動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：
-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞之后，表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。值得注意的是：過(guò)去分詞也可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但它們一般表示被動(dòng)和完成。
例如：
The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.
那些孩子在失蹤之前，人們?cè)?jīng)看見(jiàn)他們?cè)诤舆呁嫠！?/p>
He found his radio missing. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的收音機(jī)不見(jiàn)了。
I'll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
【考點(diǎn)透視 考例精析】
[考點(diǎn)] 考查while表示“盡管…但是…”的意思。
[考例1] _________ model business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.
A．While B．Since C．As D．f
[解析] Ａ本題的題意為“盡管模特行業(yè)根本不容易進(jìn)入， 但好模特總是緊缺”。此處只有while可以表達(dá)這個(gè)意思。
[拓展] while除引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句以外，還可以引導(dǎo)表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比的句子。
例如：
I am a worker, while he is a student. 我是個(gè)工人，而他是個(gè)學(xué)生。（while引導(dǎo)句子表轉(zhuǎn)折）
While I have many visitors every day, the one I have been expecting hasn’t appeared yet. 盡管我每天都有很多來(lái)訪(fǎng)者，我一直盼望的人至今還沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)。 （while表示“盡管”的意思。）
[考點(diǎn)] 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在具體語(yǔ)境中的理解。
[考例2] _________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A．Having suffered B．Suffering C．To suffer D．Suffer
[解析] Ａ非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在不同語(yǔ)境中，時(shí)態(tài)、含義都有不同。本句的含義為“河流已經(jīng)遭受如此嚴(yán)重的污染，現(xiàn)在清理也許太遲了�！敝^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在having suffered之后，所以用的是動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】
一、根據(jù)所給首字母或括號(hào)中的漢語(yǔ)意思填寫(xiě)句子空格中所缺的單詞。
1．It was extremely dangerous, but he m___________ to avoid the accident.
2．The idea of working for state-owned enterprises has little a_________ to young people nowadays.
3．You should have come to the party last night. What p_________ you from joining us?
4．You didn't really see it - it was just your i__________.
5．Let's d_________ ourselves into several groups.
6．Don’t say nonsense! I want a _________(具體的) answer.
7．The nation wants peace; only a _________(少數(shù)) want the war to continue.
8． ________(教育) is given to children by the government.
9．Can you tell me for what the church will use the money it gets from__________(收集，募捐)?
10．He held the boy _________(牢固地) in his arms and cried.
二、單項(xiàng)填空：
1．China Daily is _______ a newspaper, it can also help us to improve our English.
A．less than B．more than C．not more than D．no more than
2．__________ is very important.
A． Solve the problem B．How to solve the problem
C．How to be solved the problem D．What to deal with the problem
3．He didn’t move _________ the music went on, but got up _______ it ended.
A．when, while B．while, when C．while, while D．when, when
4．The athletes stood, _________ their national flag ____________.
A．seeing, raising B．watching, raising
C．looked at, rising D．seeing, rising
5．Jack spent as much time as he __________ over his lessons.
A. could going B. went C. could go D. would going
6．I meant ___________ you, but I was too busy.
A．to have called at B．calling on C．to call on D．to have called on
7. I am often told that too much work and too little rest often _______ illness.
A. leads to B. leads on C. leads into D. leads off
8．Every summer is the summit period(高峰期) during which university students ________ jobs, and the talents-exchange(人才交流) market will accordingly prosper(繁榮).
A. find B. hunt C. look for D. hunt for
9．Some passengers told the reporters about their ___________ in the burning train.
A. details B. trips C. events D. experiences
10．China’s genetic engineering(基因工程) industry __________ in the late 1980s, two decades after some other countries.
A. set off B. set in C. set to D. set back
【能力拓展】
完形填空：
I would like to suggest that for sixty to ninety minutes each evening all television broadcasting in the United states be forbidden by law.
Let us take a 1 , reasonable look at what the results might be if such a(an) 2 were accepted: families might use the time for a real family hour. Without the distraction of TV, they might 3 together after dinner and actually talk to one another. It is well known that many of our 4 --everything in fact, from the generation gap to the high divorce rate to some forms of 5 illness-are caused at least in part by 6 to communicate. By using the quiet family hour to 7 our problems, we might get to know each other better, and to like each other better.
On evening when such talk is 8 , families could discover more active pastimes(消遣，娛樂(lè)). Freed from TV, forced to find their own activities, they might take a 9 together to watch the sunset 10 they might take a walk together. 11 free time and no TV, children and adults might discover reading. There is more entertainment in 12 than in a TV program. 13 report that the generation growing up with television can hardly write an English sentence, 14 at the college level. 15 is often learned from reading. A more literate new generation could be a product of the quiet hour.
A different 16 of reading might also be done as it was in the past: reading aloud. The quiet hour could become the story hour. When the 17 ends, the TV net works might be forced to 18 with better shows in order to get us back from our newly discovered activities.
At first glance, this idea seems radical(激進(jìn)的). How will we spend the time then? The fact is: it has been only twenty-five years 19 television came to control American free time. Those of us thirty-five and older can 20 childhoods without television. It wasn’t that difficult.
1． A．valuable B．pleasant C．quick D．serious
2． A．a(chǎn)dvice B．suggestion C．opinion D．offer
3． A．get around B．stand still C．meet D．sit around
4． A．problems B． trouble C．a(chǎn)ffairs D．misfortune
5． A． physical B．common C．mental D．familiar
6． A．a(chǎn)ttempt B．failure C．a(chǎn)bility D．permission
7． A．discuss B．talk C．make sure D．see to
8． A．impossible B． unnecessary C．funny D．unpleasant
9． A．walk B． look C．ride D．rest
10． A．a(chǎn)nd B． or C．but D．while
11． A．At B． In C．For D．With
12． A．a(chǎn) fine poem B．a(chǎn) good book C．a(chǎn) quiet hour D．a(chǎn) composition
13． A．Professors B． Scientists C． Parents D．Educators
14． A．yet B．still C．even D．just
15． A．Writing B．Skill C．Speaking D．Listening
16． A．form B． kind C．method D．step
17． A．reading B．quiet hour C．a(chǎn)ctivity D．program
18． A． come across B. come about C．come up D．broadcast
19． A．before B．since C．until D．a(chǎn)fter
20． A．remind B． remember C．recognize D．know
參考答案
高一部分
Units 21-22 (B1)
基礎(chǔ)演練
一、1．managed 2．a(chǎn)ttraction 3．prevented 4．imagination 5．divide 6．specific
7．minority 8．Education 9．collections 10．firmly
二、1-5 BBBDA 6-10 DADDA
能力拓展
1-5 DBDAC 6-10 BABCB 11-15 DBDCA 16-20 ABCBB
1．D 作者在第一段提出了自己的建議。下面解釋自己的理由。首先作者建議用認(rèn)真理性的態(tài)度考慮這個(gè)建議被接受后的結(jié)果。根據(jù)reasonable的含義也可判斷出。
2．B 從空白前的不定冠詞可以排除advice。從文章第一句作者就表明自己要提出建議，因此選suggestion。
3．D 吃過(guò)飯，全家人坐在餐桌旁交流。
4．A 由many可以推斷出該空應(yīng)該填入可數(shù)名詞，首先排除trouble，該空后的破折號(hào)是對(duì)空白處詞的解釋。
5．C 家庭缺少交流、理解而引起的往往是精神疾病。
6．B 根據(jù)上下文可以判斷出答案。
7．A “discuss our problem”。家人坐在一起討論問(wèn)題，增進(jìn)了解。
8．B 晚上家人聚會(huì)還可以找到新的消遣形式。
9．C 由下面的they might take a walk together可以排除A項(xiàng)。為了看日出，開(kāi)車(chē)到某個(gè)地方是很可能的。
10．B 此題用or表示選擇。
11．D with free time and no TV表示原因。
12．B 此題與前句是順承關(guān)系。
13．D educator“教育者”。
14．C 教育者的研究顯示：看電視長(zhǎng)大的這一代人幾乎不會(huì)寫(xiě)一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子，甚至上了大學(xué)的人也不行。Even表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。
15．A 學(xué)生看電視過(guò)多，因此不會(huì)寫(xiě)句子。
16．A 朗讀是讀書(shū)的一種形式。
17．B 閱讀的那種安靜時(shí)間可以變成講故事的時(shí)間，這時(shí)，電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)就必須提供更好的節(jié)目以把人們?cè)傥貋?lái)。
18．C come up with “提出、提供”，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)； come across：“偶遇”； come about：“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生”； broadcast“廣播，播放”，不與with連用。
19．B 主句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，可以判斷出該用since。
20．B 35歲及其以上的人還應(yīng)該能記得沒(méi)有電視的童年。