現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)課件
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)課件
教學(xué)過(guò)程
一、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)
1.引入:I have read this book twice. Read 動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去。
2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)中have/has的作用:通過(guò)do/dose/be等聯(lián)想法推導(dǎo)出have/has的語(yǔ)法 功能。
二、知識(shí)講解
本節(jié)課主要知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析,中高考考點(diǎn)、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)分析
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1
基本結(jié)構(gòu):助動(dòng)詞have/has+過(guò)去分詞(done)
否定句:主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他.
一般疑問(wèn)句:Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他.
簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ): Yes, 主語(yǔ) + have/has.(肯定) No, 主語(yǔ) + haven't/hasn't.(否定) 用法
。1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果
I have spent all of my money (so far).(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)有錢(qián)花了.)
Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含義是:郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒)
My father has gone to work.(含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒)
(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作(用行為動(dòng)詞表示)或狀態(tài)(be動(dòng)詞表示),常與for(+時(shí)間段)或since(+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子)連用.
、賔or+時(shí)段
②since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(譯為:自從以來(lái))
、踫ince+時(shí)段+ago
、躶ince+從句(過(guò)去時(shí))
、軮t is+時(shí)段+since+從句(過(guò)去時(shí)) Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去式的區(qū)別:
一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去,那么這兩種時(shí)態(tài)有什么區(qū)別呢? ①一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如yesterday, last year, just now等連用;強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在過(guò)去發(fā)生,與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。
、诂F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與自已的特征詞already ,yet ,just ,ever ,never,before等連用,強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或過(guò)去開(kāi)始發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。
例: He saw the film last night. (過(guò)去時(shí),表示他昨晚看過(guò)那部電影了,現(xiàn)在不知還要不要再看一次)
He has (ever) seen the film before.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表示他已看過(guò)那部電影,現(xiàn)在不想再看了)
、郜F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的。如:live, work,study等。而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)對(duì)動(dòng)詞是否延續(xù)無(wú)任何要求。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:
除了我們講過(guò)的already, yet, still,just, ever, never, since短語(yǔ)和 for短語(yǔ)外,還有許多時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),我們要留心將它們和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái):
1. lately, recently是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);just now 有a moment ago 之意,是過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如:
Have you heard from your family lately/recently? Did you see Joan just now?
2. in the past few years 意思是“過(guò)去幾年來(lái)”,常用于完成時(shí)中;in the past意思是“在過(guò)去”,常用于過(guò)去時(shí)中。 如:
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.
Where did you work in the past?
3. ever since then與from then on / after that 都有“打那以后”之意,但前者常用于完成時(shí),而后兩者常用于過(guò)去時(shí)。如:
She's lived here ever since then. I didn't hear of Jim from then on/after that.
4. before 通常用于完成時(shí);...ago通常用于過(guò)去時(shí)。如:
I have never been to Japan before. She went to Japan two years ago.
5. so far“到目前為止”, these days“這些天來(lái)”也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如: So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon.
What have you done these days?
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3:
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性用法
持續(xù)性用法(肯定句,疑問(wèn)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞):表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。此時(shí)常與“for +一段時(shí)間或“since+過(guò)去的點(diǎn)時(shí)間或從句(從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí))以及so far(到目前為止)等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
for + 段時(shí)間 / since +點(diǎn)時(shí)間
例:
1)I've lived here since 1990.自從1990年以來(lái)我就住在這里。
= I've lived here since 21 years ago.
= I've lived here for 21 years.
= It is 21 years since I began to live here.
注意:①在這類(lèi)句子的肯定句和疑問(wèn)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。短暫性動(dòng)詞由于動(dòng)作不能持續(xù),故不能與for(達(dá)到;累計(jì))或since(自從。。。到現(xiàn)在)引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 ②對(duì)for和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)要用How long
1) 他入團(tuán)兩年了。
誤:He has joined the League for two years.
正:He has been a League member for two years.
區(qū)別:have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法
1. have(has) been in 意為“已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”,常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如:
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。
2. have(has) been to意為“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”,表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?膳cjust, ever, never等連用。 如:
I've just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)杭州嗎?
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。
3. have(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù),表示去過(guò)某地幾次。如:
I've been to Beijing three times. 我去過(guò)北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。
4. have(has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。 總之,說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng),一般不用第一、第二人稱(chēng)代詞作句子的主語(yǔ)。如: ---Where is Tom? ---He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書(shū)店去了。
三、例題精析
【試題】3~5道
【例題1】
【【題干】Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
。. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know
【答案】B
【解析】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,或過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái),重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大,往往無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),需要從上下文分析、推理才行。正確答案是B。
【例題2】
【題干】Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see
【答案】B
【解析】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once(一次),twice(兩次),three times(三次),several times(幾次)等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語(yǔ)連用。故應(yīng)選B。
【例題3】
【題干】—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
。. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone
【答案】B
【解析】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)容易混淆,就是因?yàn)樗鼈兯硎镜膭?dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但二者又有區(qū)別:一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,說(shuō)話(huà)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過(guò)去的事情,與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,它不與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等)連用。故正確答案為B。
四、課堂運(yùn)用
【基礎(chǔ)】 1. Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know
2. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
。. already B.never C.ever D. Still
3. Have you met Mr Li ______?
A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago
答案及解析:
1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,或過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái),重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大,往往無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理,正確答案是B。
2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already(已經(jīng)),just(剛剛,正好),ever(曾經(jīng)),never(從來(lái),也不;從不),before(以前),yet(仍然)等連用。故2應(yīng)選B。
3、C
【鞏固】
1. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year
。. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written
2. -Our country ______ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good
。. has changed ; better D. changed ; better
3. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
。. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying
答案及解析:
1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently(近來(lái)),so far(到目前為止),in the past/"last + 一段時(shí)間"等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z(yǔ)表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間,句中的動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故2應(yīng)選D。
2、C
3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與"for +時(shí)間段或since +過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)"連用(含從句,從句過(guò)去時(shí))。故3應(yīng)選C。
【拔高】 1. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
。. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
2. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
。. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see
3. -These farmers have been to the United States .
-Really ? When _____ there ?
。. will they go B. did they go
。. do they go D. have they gone
答案及解析:
1、C
2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once(一次),twice(兩次),three times(三次),several times(幾次)等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語(yǔ)連用。故2應(yīng)選B。
3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)容易混淆,就是因?yàn)樗鼈兯硎镜膭?dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但二者又有區(qū)別:一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的.事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,說(shuō)話(huà)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過(guò)去的事情,與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,它不與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如yesterday , last week ,
a moment ago等)連用。故3的正確答案為B。)
課程小結(jié)
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義
2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)里表示一段時(shí)間的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞以及連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)對(duì)比和總結(jié)
課后作業(yè)
【基礎(chǔ)】
1. -______ you ___ your homework yet ?
-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
。. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished
C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish
2. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
。. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
3. -Do you know him well ?
Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
。. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
答案及解析:
1、B
2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,通常是用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替。故11的正確答案依次為:D。
3.B
【鞏固】
1. -How long have you ____ here ?
-About two months .
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
2. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
。. has begun B. had begun C. has been onD. Began
3. It _____ ten years since he left the army .
。. is B. has C. will D. Was
答案及解析:
1、A 2、C 3、A。
【拔高】
1. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
。.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been
2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in B. have been to
。. have gone to D. have been
3. The students have cleaned the classroom, __________?
A. so they B. don't they C. have they D. haven't they
答案及解析:
1、"have/has gone to + 地點(diǎn)"表示"某人去了某地(還未回來(lái))",指主語(yǔ)所指的人不在這兒。"have/has been in + 地點(diǎn)"表示"在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間",常與表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。"have/has been to +地點(diǎn)"表示"曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地(但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒)。"故16的正確答案為A。
2、A
3、D
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