高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法
一、表語(yǔ)從句
1.定義：用作表語(yǔ)的從句叫做表語(yǔ)從句。
2.構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句
3.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類：
(1)從屬連詞that。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。
(2)從屬連詞whether,as,as if。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起來(lái)還與十年前一樣。
注：從屬連詞if一般不用來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但as if卻可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，如：All this was over twenty years ago,but it's as if it was only yesterday.這都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一樣。能跟表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般為系動(dòng)詞be,seem,look等。
(3)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 連接副詞 where,when,how,why。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her.問(wèn)題是我們能找到誰(shuí)去替換她呢。
解釋：連詞because可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much.我想這是因?yàn)槟阕龅锰唷Ｔ谝恍┍硎尽敖ㄗh、勸說(shuō)、命令”的名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。should+動(dòng)詞原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。
二、主語(yǔ)從句
1.定義：用作主語(yǔ)的從句叫做主語(yǔ)從句。
2.構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句
3.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：
(1)從屬連詞that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。
(2)從屬連詞whether。如：Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否會(huì)來(lái)這里還不清楚。
(3)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 連接副詞 where,when,how,why。如：What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。
三、賓語(yǔ)從句
1.定義：用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。
2.構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句
3.引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：
(1)從屬連詞that。如：He told us that he felt ill.他對(duì)我們說(shuō)他感到不舒服。I know he has returned.我知道他已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。注：that在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下，that不能省略。
1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，that賓語(yǔ)從句放在and的后面時(shí)，that不能省略。)大家都會(huì)看出所發(fā)生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不能省略。)對(duì)他我一無(wú)所知，只知道他是南方人。
3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that從句位于句首時(shí)，that不可省略。)我簡(jiǎn)直不相信他曾說(shuō)過(guò)這樣的話。
4.We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語(yǔ)，that不可省略。)鑒于他的特殊情況，我們決定應(yīng)允他一段試用期。
(1)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句也可用作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他對(duì)那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快。
(2)從屬連詞if/whether。如：I doubt whether he will succeed.我懷疑他是否會(huì)成功。I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否幫助我。
(3)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 連接副詞 where,when,how,why。如：Who or what he was,Martin never learned.他是什么人?他是干什么的?馬丁根本不知道。
四、同位語(yǔ)從句
1.定義：用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。
2.用法：同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞多為fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等，關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞that。如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.對(duì)你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。
注：同位語(yǔ)從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。如：I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否來(lái)。
連接代詞who,which,what和連接副詞where,when,why,how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。
五、不定式的構(gòu)成
不定式是由不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，在某些情況下to也可省略。
不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作通常與主要謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。如：They invited us to go there this summer.他們邀請(qǐng)我們今年夏天去那兒。