雅思考試大作文

　　Task：Many towns and cities constructed in previous centuries are suitable for life at that time, and cause many problems today. Describe the problems it may cause and give the possible solution.

　　解析：

　　這是一道report類作文題，不需要考生就某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)展開討論，但要求考生描寫一種現(xiàn)象及其產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題，然后提出解決方案，與通常意義上的報(bào)告有些類似，因此我們將這種題型定義為report題型。

　　如何描寫某一現(xiàn)象/事物可能引起的問(wèn)題?或者說(shuō)，我們應(yīng)該從哪些方面去尋找這些問(wèn)題?現(xiàn)在即將給大家一個(gè)示范，看看三層次理論究竟如何具體使用。本題涉及的問(wèn)題是：以前的城市都是按照當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史條件和生活需求來(lái)建造的，現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了很多問(wèn)題，如何解決這些問(wèn)題?

　　物質(zhì)層次：衣食住行。過(guò)去不需要大型超市，現(xiàn)在需要;過(guò)去不需要寬闊的街道，現(xiàn)在需要;過(guò)去不需要地鐵和機(jī)場(chǎng)，現(xiàn)在需要。這些屬于物質(zhì)層次的范疇。

　　心理層次：休閑娛樂(lè)。過(guò)去不需要高級(jí)電影院，現(xiàn)在需要;過(guò)去不需要公共圖書館/博物館，現(xiàn)在需要;過(guò)去不需要大型廣場(chǎng)，現(xiàn)在需要。這些屬于心理層次的范疇。

　　社會(huì)層次：環(huán)境與社會(huì)。過(guò)去不需要區(qū)分居住區(qū)、工業(yè)區(qū)和商業(yè)區(qū)，現(xiàn)在需要;過(guò)去(也許)不需要城市中心花園，現(xiàn)在需要;過(guò)去不需要廢品回收站，現(xiàn)在需要。這些屬于社會(huì)層次的范疇。

　　大家看看，如果我們有一條明確的思維線索，我們就不會(huì)再感覺(jué)頭腦空空，或者感覺(jué)頭腦混亂，按照這個(gè)思路寫下去，既有很多內(nèi)容，又能確保邏輯性，同時(shí)解決無(wú)話可說(shuō)和思緒混亂兩大寫作難題。

　　Sample answer：

　　Many cities and towns built a few hundred years ago have become obsolete now, no matter how brilliant they used to be, for they are no longer suitable for life today.

　　In my view, these cities and towns may cause three kinds of problems. At the basic level, they can no longer provide satisfactory conditions for our modern existence. A bit more than 100 years ago, people did not use buses or cars, so the city did not have broad streets; people did not travel by train or airplane, so the city was not equipped with any railway station or airport; most people shopped in the stores near their homes, so the city did not have to have shopping malls or supermarkets. As more and more people rush into urban areas, the city has expanded with the population, and modern urban people would find themselves unable to survive without the broad streets, the train, the airplane and the supermarket. Meanwhile, cities and towns built centuries ago do not have enough entertainment and sports facilities available to contemporary city dwellers who, relieved of the manual labor by the technological advances, suddenly find they have a great amount of free time. For example, these cities and towns are not likely to have 3-D or IMAX movie theaters for movie fans, or huge stadiums for sports fans. Consequently, people may find their life in such cities and towns are most boring and tedious. Finally, the cities and towns constructed long time ago cannot possibly have anticipated the negative effects of environmental issues brought over by our modern life, so they usually have residence area, industrial area and business area all mixed up without separating them. This is, of course, unbearable to our urban life style today.

　　While the century-aged cities and towns may carry much cultural and historical value, they must be re-constructed in the interest of people living in them today. The city infrastructure must be reshaped and include such facilities as shopping centers, sports stadiums, wide streets and pavements and provide services like metro, train, and airplane. And to minimize the unfavorable effects of modern life on urban populace, the cities and towns should be set the areas apart by their respective functions.

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