八年級下英語語法課件
語法專題
Module 1
簡單句：由一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）構(gòu)成。
一. 五種基本句型：
1． 主語＋系動詞＋表語 （S+V+P）He is happy.
2． 主語＋不及物動詞＋（狀語） ( S+V ) He is swimming.
3． 主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋（狀語） ( S+V+O ) I saw him just now.
4． 主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語 ( S+V+IO+DO ) She lent me a bike,
主語＋及物動詞＋直接賓語＋間接賓語 ( S+V+DO+IO ) She lent a bike to me.
5． 主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋賓語補足語 ( S+V+O+OC) The good news made us happy.
二. 練習(xí)：寫出下列句子的基本成分。
1． He likes music very much.
2． The soup tastes salty.
3． She works very hard.
4． My teacher asked me to come a little earlier next time.
5． My father bought me a computer.
Module 2
賓語從句：以一個句子作為賓語的復(fù)合句。
一. 賓語從句的時態(tài)：
主句 從句
一般現(xiàn)在時 要根據(jù)具體情況選擇所需要的時態(tài)
一般過去時 相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)
一般過去時 客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)
e.g. He says that he is going to the cinema.
He said that he couldn’t finish the work on time.
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
二. 賓語從句的語序：陳述句的語序。
三. 賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：
陳述句 that (在口語中可省去)
一般疑問句 if / whether
特殊疑問句 疑問詞 (what, when, where, who, why, which, how)
e.g. He says. He likes painting.---- He says (that) he likes painting.
Is he American? He asked ---- He asked if / whether he was American.
Where is the cinema? I don’t know ---- I don’t know where the cinema is.
四. 練習(xí)：把下列句子改為賓語從句。
1. The story is very interesting. (he said)
2. What did you say? ( I didn’t hear)
3. Where does he come from. (I want to know)
4. Is your father a doctor? (my teacher asked)
5. Has she seen the film? (I don’t know)
6. How can I get to the hospital. (Can you tell me)
7. He is playing computer games. (he says)
8. They will have a meeting tomorrow. (I know)
Module 3
動詞不定式（to do）和動名詞（v-ing）
有些動詞后面需加to do或-ing來把意思補充完整。接to do的單詞多為 “打算”、“計劃”、“希望”之類的動詞，而這些動詞都表示未來。接-ing形式的動詞要么表示是正在進行，要么表示一般性或經(jīng)常性行為。有的動詞既可以接to do，也可以接-ving。
一. 接to do的動詞有：want, would like, agree, refuse, decide, learn, need, offer, afford, wish, hope, ask等。
二. 接-ing的'動詞有：feel like, keep, enjoy, finish, practice等。
三. 既可以接to do，也可以接-ving的動詞有：hate, like, love, begin, start（意思一樣），remember, forget, continue, stop, try, go on（意思不一樣）等。
四. 練習(xí)：用所給詞的適當形式填空。
1. Would you like _____________ (have) a cup of tea?
2. I’m very tired, let’s stop _____________ (have) a rest.
3. I asked why he smiled, but he couldn’t remember _________________ (smile) at me.
4. He wants _____________ (buy) a new bike.
5. You must keep _______________ (practice) ______________ (speak) English every day.
6. Have you finished _____________ (read) the book?
7. I decide ______________ (visit) the Great Wall this holiday.
8. My sister enjoys _______________ (listen) to music.
9. He learnt ______________ (swim) all by himself.
10. My father agreed ____________ (buy) me a computer.
11. I forgot _____________ (close) the door yesterday.
12. I hate ______________ (lose).
13. The teacher is coming, we stop _____________. (talk)
14. We tried ______________ (finish) the work on time.
15. Sally refused ______________ (play) during the final practice.
16. He offers ____________ (help) me with the work.
17. She can’t afford ______________ (buy) a dictionary.
18. I hope _____________ (go) abroad.
19. Da Wei asked ____________ (play) the computer game on my father’s computer.
20. He started _______________ (make) his own radio programmer at the age of fifteen.
Module 4-5
一. 由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句 (如果...)
1. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)
主句 + if從句. If從句, 主句.
2. 時態(tài)變化
主句 從句
一般將來時
will won’t 一般現(xiàn)在時
v. don’t + v.
v.-s doesn’t + v.
啟使句
v. Don’t + v.
e.g.:
If you (want) to say something, (hand) up, please.
=
If Lily (receive) the gift, she (be) very happy.
=
If she (get) up late, she (not catch) the bus.
=
=She should , or
二. 感嘆句 (多......啊!)
1. What + a/an/... + adj. + n. (+ 主語 + be)!
(+ 從句)
e.g.: clean classroom it !
honest kid Tom !
terrible news this !
fantastic concerts they !
funny place we went yesterday!
2. How + adj. + 主語 (the + n. /人名/代詞) + be!
How + adv. + 主語 + v.!
How + adj./adv. + 從句!
e.g.: 改寫上面的句子.
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