有關(guān)定語(yǔ)從句的課件
定語(yǔ)從句,一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句跟在一名詞或代詞后(先行詞)進(jìn)行修飾限定,就叫做定語(yǔ)從句。
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
。1)語(yǔ)言目標(biāo):能用定語(yǔ)從句較自如地描述及談?wù)撊撕臀铩T诨顒?dòng)中訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的聽力,口頭表達(dá)能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀察,想象和創(chuàng)造力。
。2)情感目標(biāo):促進(jìn)同學(xué)間積極合作交流,發(fā)展同學(xué)間的友誼 。
2.教學(xué)方法:多媒體的運(yùn)用能創(chuàng)設(shè)真實(shí)的語(yǔ)言情景,學(xué)生也很感興趣,極大地鼓動(dòng)了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的積極性,而且呈現(xiàn)在課堂上能使教學(xué)更生活化,也更直觀和具體。
教學(xué)方法
以學(xué)生為主體,用多媒體輔助教學(xué),通過(guò)幫助學(xué)生理解、歸納、總結(jié)、討論等方式學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句,由于本節(jié)課是學(xué)生第一次系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句,要達(dá)到讓學(xué)生初步掌握定語(yǔ)從句這一目的。
學(xué)法指導(dǎo)、自主學(xué)習(xí)、合作學(xué)習(xí)
教學(xué)過(guò)程
、. 定義
定語(yǔ)從句,起形容詞的作用,在句中常用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞稱為先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞稱為關(guān)系詞, 關(guān)系詞的作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起引導(dǎo)作用;二是在意義上代替先行詞,并在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。其中關(guān)系代詞:who, whom, whose, which, that, as;關(guān)系副詞:when, where, why。
eg. She is the girl who sings best of all.
The pen which my uncle gave me is missing.
He lives in a house whose windows face south.
The factory where my father works is in the east of the city.
Perhaps the day will come when people will be able to breathe clean air in cities.
、. 關(guān)系代詞
1.先行詞是人,作主語(yǔ),關(guān)系代詞用who, that
eg. He is a man( ) never leaves today’s work till tomorrow.
The boy ( ) is standing there is my cousin.
2. 先行詞是人,作賓語(yǔ),關(guān)系代詞用 whom, who, that,
eg. Here is the man ( ) you’ve been expecting to meet.
The man ( ) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith.
3. 先行詞是物,作主語(yǔ),關(guān)系代詞用which, that
eg . The train ( ) has just left is for Guangzhou.
Children like to read books ( ) have wonderful pictures.
4. 先行詞是物,作賓語(yǔ),關(guān)系代詞用which, that,或省略
eg. The book ( ) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting.
The pen ( ) my uncle gave me is missing.
5. 先行詞是人、物,作定語(yǔ),關(guān)系代詞用whose
eg. He is the professor ( ) name was Jackson.
China, ( ) population is the largest in the world, is developing very fast.
、. 關(guān)系副詞
1.先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞,在定從中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),關(guān)系代詞用when
eg. I can’t remember the date ( ) he went abroad.
I’ll never forget the day ( ) I joined the army.
2.先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,在定從中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),關(guān)系代詞用where; 其中注意表示抽象概念的地點(diǎn)名詞,如,situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度時(shí),也需用where
eg. This is the village ( ) Uncle Wang once lived.
They have reached the point ( ) they have to separate with each other.
He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ( ) he is likely to lose control over the plane.
3. 先行詞是reason,在定從中作原因狀語(yǔ),關(guān)系代詞用why
eg. I don’t know the reason ( ) he was late.
None of us know the reason ( ) Tom was absent from the meeting.
4.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞也可以用“適當(dāng)介詞 + which”來(lái)代替。
eg. October 1, 1949 was the day when ( = ) the People’s Republic of China was founded.
This is the factory where(= ) we worked a year ago.
I don’t believe the reason why (= ) he was late for school.
、. 關(guān)系代詞that & which的區(qū)別:
、 只用that的情況
、 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代詞時(shí)。
eg. There is nothing ( ) can prevent him from doing it.
、 先行詞被any, only, few, no, very, little 等修飾時(shí)。
eg. This is the very book ( ) I’m looking for.
、 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。
eg. The first place ( ) they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
This is the best film ( ) I have ever seen.
、 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。
eg. He talked about things and persons ( ) they remembered in the school.
⑤ 先行詞被the only, the very修飾時(shí)。
eg. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ( ) he knows.
⑥ 句中已有who或which,為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)。
eg. Who is the man ( ) is standing beside Tom?
、 不能用 that的情況:
① 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;
eg. He had failed in the maths exam , ( ) made his father very angry.
、 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞。
eg. This is the room in( ) my father lived last year.
、. as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的用法(as 相當(dāng)于that & which)
① as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常用于the same … as, such … as結(jié)構(gòu)中。
eg. This is the same book ( ) I lent you.
Such machines ( ) are used in our workshop are made in China.
、 as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,位置靈活,用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型:as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
eg. ( ) I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.
Taiwan, ( ) we all know, belongs to China.
、. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的`主要區(qū)別:
限制性定語(yǔ)從句: 一般緊跟在先行詞后面,不用逗號(hào)把從句與先行詞分隔開來(lái)。使先行詞的意思十分明確,成為特定的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分,少了它句子就會(huì)失去意義不能成立,或意思不清楚,不能說(shuō)明問(wèn)題。通常譯為定語(yǔ)。
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句: 通常由逗號(hào)與句子其他成分隔開。只是對(duì)先行詞作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明,沒(méi)有它句子仍能成立,意思仍很清楚。通常譯為并列的句子。
eg. I was the only person in our office ( ) was invited.(去掉定語(yǔ)從句,意思就不完整)
Tom’s father, ( ) is over sixty, still works hard day and night.(整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來(lái)翻譯)
Ⅶ. 分隔定語(yǔ)從句
即先行詞與關(guān)系代詞、副詞之間被介詞短語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)等分隔開來(lái)。
此種定語(yǔ)從句,在選擇關(guān)系詞時(shí),要注意找準(zhǔn)先行詞。
eg. There is an expression in his eyes ( )I can’t understand.
I was the only person in my office ( ) was invited to the important ball.
I suggest you choose someone I think ( ) is very kind and friendly.
課后反思:
提倡任務(wù)型教學(xué)活動(dòng),是為了讓學(xué)生們?cè)诮處煹闹笇?dǎo)下,通過(guò)感知,體驗(yàn),實(shí)踐,參與合作等方式,力求最大限度地把語(yǔ)言能力的培養(yǎng)落實(shí)到教學(xué)過(guò)程的每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)定的任務(wù)目標(biāo)并感受成功。我在這堂課的設(shè)計(jì)里要求自己新穎別致,突出故事的完整性,要有一氣呵成的感覺(jué),重點(diǎn)落實(shí),定語(yǔ)從句自始至終貫穿每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),活而不亂,生動(dòng)有趣,貼近生活,氣氛活躍。能發(fā)揮學(xué)生們的主體互動(dòng)性和能動(dòng)性,在完成任務(wù)的過(guò)程中能積極參與。課后感覺(jué)任務(wù)型教學(xué)有所體現(xiàn),學(xué)生們積極性高,參與面廣,訓(xùn)練量較大,能初步運(yùn)用定語(yǔ)從句。
但在教學(xué)過(guò)程中,我意識(shí)到:有個(gè)別學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)太差,雖在課堂中他們也積極參與,但有時(shí)很盲目,甚至不知道老師和同學(xué)們?cè)谶M(jìn)行什么內(nèi)容,從他們的目光和神態(tài)中,我了解到他們對(duì)知識(shí)的渴求,我暗自告訴自己,一定要幫助他們,這很難,但一定要堅(jiān)持,決不放棄。
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